Emile Durkheim: Contributions to Sociology Essay

Emile Durkheim’s philosophies and ideas had emerged during a time that his country, had been going through a lot of instabilities. Scenarios of disequilibrium that even lead to a greater molding and shaping of such ethos. During his childhood, France was experiencing a social and political unrest. The after war with Germany and the defeat of 1870 were the major causation of such. A deep crisis it is, for such a young â€Å"sociologist to be†, which even tends towards a better establishment of his career. Politically, the rise of the Third Republic in 1875 indeed works out from conflicts between Republicans and Royalists. On the economic area, the rise of industrial capitalism made the some realization on the workers, influenced of course by the socialist theories and Marxism. Moreover, there was an immense growth of ‘secular’ spirit seeking to counter the Church’s hold on education. Also, development in the physical and natural sciences managed to develop, thus making other fields become more quantitative and less qualitative- which means less focus on theories on such (e. g. economics). The young Emile sensed that he had a role to play in the development of his country and chooses to be a teacher, contributing a progress through teaching. Truly the institutionalization of a science of education was inseparable from Durkheim’s formal definition of sociology, thus making the father of sociology be the first educational sociology (Filloux, 2001). The Condemnation As much as Marxism undergone travails and disrepute, Durkheimian philosophy also struggled towards appreciation within the realms of sociology. But then these tests of his’ soon earned its deference during the immediate post-World War II. Since, it ended up much influential in sociology than those of Marx’s or Weber’s. Conservatism and positivism are the two main grounds that his critics exceedingly reacted to. The accusation of conservatism took its force from Durkheim’s emphasis upon society as a moral unity. His concern with the social solidarity and the containment of damage to it were understood by his critics to mean that the application and development of his approach would necessarily serve the existing social order. This interpretation downplayed- in fact wholly neglected- the social criticism in Durkheim’s writings, together with his reputation in his own time as a socialist and a radical. The charge of positivism was more justifiable (Alexander, 1998). Suicide Balance between the individual and society consumes much of Durkheim’s concern in his later works. In arguing the social foundations of individualism, Durkheim recognized that a degree of individualism was natural to modern societies. He was not against individualism as such, but opposed its rampant, pathological forms. The issue therefore, was how to strike a balance between interdependence and individual freedom, on the one hand, subordination to the collective, on the other. Suicide varies according to their social ties, to their presence or absence, their strength and weakness. It is important to remember that it is differential rates between social groups that Durkheim sought to explain. Case in point, according to him, Protestants tends to commit suicide more than the Catholics and Jews do. If we meddle deeply into this context, though much of the written literatures on this argument were not elaborated, we can see that what do Protestants have to commit such kind of â€Å"irrational† acts? Maybe it is in the belief the Protestants are holding on. Or maybe it is because of the ‘closed-mindedness’ of their culture that drives the individual towards freedom from the bondage of tradition. And the condemnation they receive from such wrong doings intensifies the feeling of guilt and will end up to committing suicide. The egoistic and anomic-reflect social ties that are too weak; the altruistic and fatalistic types arise from connections that are too strong. These are the four proposed basic types of suicide from Durkheim. Egoistic suicide results from the social isolation of the individual. In this case, the person feels that sympathy from others does not exist. He is alone. By contrast, anomic suicide was occasioned by insufficient social regulation of the individual. Altruism and fatalism are at the other extreme. Altruism involves individuals seeing the pre-eminence of the group over them to the extent that the group’s needs seem greater than theirs. In fatalism, individuals are dominated by the group so intensely and oppressively that they are rendered entirely powerless over their fate (Douglas. 1967).

Coca-Cola Back In Burma

The Important question that must be answered when analyzing this situation is how Coca-Cola will be able to mitigate the risks Involved with the Instability of the lattice and economic system in Burma. Despite the release of Nuns San Sue Sky, the political situation remains unstable with vast internal disagreement over governance. The international political landscape of the country has made a sharp turn with the severance of ties to North Korea and the rebuilding of relationships with the West. These political relationships have paved the way to cooperative economic developments.The economic development of Burma has been on the rise for the last two decades, with economic growth taking an optimistic Jump of 6 percent in March 2013. The end to the economic sanctions placed by countries such as the United States is contributing to the inflow of foreign capital investment. Additionally the release of the sanctions opened the floor for the development of trade agreements, namely free tr ade agreements and bilateral investment agreements, between Burma and other countries to facilitate further economic growth. In 2012 a Foreign Direct Investment Law was introduced, providing a significant legal issue for foreign investors.FED is customary trialed under the principles of customary law. However, Burma has not signed onto the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitrarily Awards. This creates an unfriendly legal environment for foreign Investors, as Investment Issues are to be trialed In local courts tightly controlled by government with military Influence. Hypothesis The long-term solution that Coca-Cola should pursue Is an International Joint venture between their Crystal Springs bottling plant and a credible bottling partner In Burma.Any companies under U. S sanctions will not be considered so to ensure the credibility of the partner company. Coca-Cola will have 70% ownership of the ewe company, giving the Burmese side 30% control. Thi s will ensure Coke maintains governance over operations and decision making, while protecting their investment. This Is Important considering the Joint venture will be structured so that the domestic asset owner bears the risk of expropriation, which will Increase expertise, sharing of resources and knowledge, and less risk.When the Joint venture first occurs there will be an inflow of knowledge and experienced laborers to ease transition into the Burmese business environment. Considering the political and economic instability and that the country has a culture very different than that of the U. S, it will be beneficial to develop a close relationship with the Burmese culture and business environment. The short-term solution that Coke should implement is a standardized alternative too BIT. This alternative will be a public report that outlines all the rules, regulations, and codes that Coca-Cola expects all employees and suppliers to adhere by.It will outline financial regulations, outside investments, political instability and human rights issues. Most importantly, any violation of the ode will be investigated under an Ethics Committee, hired by Coke. Similar to a BIT, this code will allow for international arbitration, which is beneficial as domestic courts can be avoided for disputes. This alternative will make public all the standards that Coke expects regarding human rights and the security and safety of investments. Transparency is a powerful tool in alleviating risk.The more public the information is, the safer Coke's investments are to corruption and the higher the value is for shareholders. Implementation The implementation of the international Joint venture is a detailed process. Coca-Cola will maintain 70% ownership, which will allow for Coke to be the dominant decision maker. Domestic management will be hired and will have a say in the decision making process of the Joint venture firm. For example, domestic employees will be integral in the marketi ng department where culture is important. The partner chosen for the venture needs to be credible and trusted; therefore no companies under U.S sanctions will be considered. There will also be ample research done to find a partner that has similar business goals and values to ease the transition. Second, up to date research will be conducted to acquire as much information on Burmese business practices and the political and economic environment. The international human resource team will have to develop a compensation structure, programs to train expatriates in local business culture, ensuring expatriates smooth transition into the country, maintain a strict code for all employees to abide by, and develop employee performance reports.Furthermore, there will be performance assessments made to ensure the Joint venture is profitable after implementation. If he venture is not profitable there will be agreement to what conditions need to be met to terminate the Joint venture. A crucial pa rt of the implementation of Coca- Cola's alternative to the BIT is to hire a due diligence team. This consists of external auditors and independent experts, to create rules and regulations regarding financial, outside investments, political instability, and human rights issues that all Coca-Cola employees must follow.Performing a due diligence process contributes information available to decision makers, while engaging with a broad range of takeovers. American and Burmese consultants will be hired to help conduct the due diligence process that will result in a mutually beneficial set of rules and regulations. Furthermore, the alternative to the BIT must be public, allowing for transparency, which is essential to increasing shareholder value. Risk Factors for Joint Venture In regards to the Joint venture, there are various risk factors that might hinder the performance of the firm going forward.While there is synergy to be gained from the firms taking advantage of their specializatio n, differences in management styles and cultural differences can result in disputes, which will affect the short-term success of the firm. The main factor that leads to risks in international joint ventures is poor planning and implementation, which will be mitigated through Coca-Cola's research and experience in entering new markets. Finding an optimal partner and having 70% control will also reduce the risk that the two companies will have disputes over goals, management, and decisions made.If the venture meets the conditions to be terminated the process outlined for termination will be followed. Political and legal risk also play a part, as the new legal entity is 30% Burmese owned, which makes the venture subject to laws and regulations that might not affect Coca- Cola as a multi-national corporation and vice versa. Salary scale differences might also cause issues with human rights groups, which might accuse Coca-Cola of taking advantage of the local workforce by paying a low wa ge as compared to international standards.Despite having a 70% controlling share, Coca-Cola will not have full input when setting long term strategic goals as there will be a shared American-Burmese board of directors, causing less flexibility for Coca-Cola. However, after a thorough due diligence process, Coca-Cola will be experts in making decisions with Burmese law considered. The BIT alternative will also serve as a way to mitigate political risk as it sets a standard for all Coca-Cola employees to follow and allows for international arbitration.Moreover, Joint ventures mitigate expropriation risk, which help protect foreign investments in Burma. Analyzing Alternatives Solutions Alternative 1: An alternative to the Joint venture is for Coke to establish a subsidiary many to take over manufacturing operations in Burma. As the uncertain political and legal situation in Burma is risky and prone to shocks, a subsidiary company will allow Coke to diversity its risk exposure.The risk of human rights violations and political problems arising from operations and negatively effecting Coca- Cola's brand will be reduced, which is one of the firm's most valuable assets. Considerations to be taken into account for this strategy are that it does not completely absolve Coke from responsibilities regarding possible for any financial problems. Furthermore, it is still possible for bad publicity to affect the Coca-Cola brand name, as there is a direct link from the subsidiary to its parent company.Alternative 2: A second option is an alternate business model for Coca- Cola's business operations in Burma. Manufacturing and bottling can take place nearby in a more stable political environment (e. G. Thailand). This will allow the firm to bypass many of the risks of operating in Burma as operating manufacturing is a complex process, which includes hiring of workers, it is capital intensive, human resource issues may arise and there will be a cultural gap. However, import tarif fs into Burma and export tariffs in Thailand will be extra costs.Moreover, the tax rate in Thailand may also be unfavorable as compared to in Burma, and the transportation and delivery cost of getting Coca-Cola products across countries may decrease the profitability margins of its Burma operations. Conclusion The action plan that is recommended to take involves a two-part solution. In the short term the company will create a standardized alternative to a BIT. This public report will outline company rules and regulations. Violations are to be investigated via Coca-Cola's Ethics Committee.Most importantly, this alternative allows for international arbitration, which mitigates expropriation risk and thus, protects investments. In the long term it is recommended that the Crystal Springs bottling plant be a Joint venture of Coca-Cola and a local, credible, bottler. The set structure in which the local bottler is the bearer of risk expropriation will reduce the negative impact of potenti al government actions, which will help protect investments. These recommendations were crafted carefully to allow Coca-Cola to safely allow foreign direct investments amidst the unstable legal system of Burma.

Canadas Role in Cold War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Canadas Role in Cold War - Essay Example Subsequently, we will try to discuss the role of Canada played during the period of the Cold War. After the World War I, the rivalry and hostility were developing their roots among the regions of the United States and USSR. In October 1917, the ouster of the Russian government occurred, and subsequently, the Russian leader Vladimir Lenin decided to call back his troops from the war. In the year 1918, the United States of America supported by Canada, the Great Britain, Japan, and France interfered with the militaries of the Vladimir Lenin in Russia. The abovementioned countries made intervention to avert collapse against Germany, but Russian premier Lenin and his colleagues considered such intervention as an assault on Russia, which was highly offended by his government. The United States, Canada, and the European countries were aggrieved about the Russia's new government. They showed their concerns against the capitalism and conversion of the local communist parties into an international campaign. Later on, the Union of Society Socialist Republic (USSR) was converted into the Federal Union of Russia and its adjoining areas were brought under the Communist control. However, the United States of America did not recognize the Soviet State until 1933.1 The differences between the United States and the USSR worsen in the regime of Russian leader Joseph Stallion during the period of 1929 to 1... However, Adolf Hitler breached his agreement, and in June 1941, he ordered his armies for aggression against the USSR, the United States, and the Britain. In the result, a defense coalition was formed, in order to defeat the Germany in the preceding four years. The coalition among American-British-Soviet Union, which was known as the grand alliance, proved the mistrusted coalition on the part of the Soviet Union. The USSR claimed to bore heavier price, as compared to other nations, which were active in continuity of the war. When victory seemed to be closer in the year 1944, the conflict became more visible within the alliance. 2 By the passage of time amid tensions, the two great blocks came in to the existence, one of which was led by the United States and was known as the Western block. It was consisting of the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Philippines, Japan, and many other Western- European and Latin American countries. The second block was led by Russia, and was known as the Eastern block. The countries included in the later block were Albania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, and Romania.3 Canada's Introduction In the Cold War, an occasional but important and middle-power role was played by Canada. Throughout the struggle during the war, the United States and the West were supported by Canada. In this paper, we will try to understand the role of Canada during the Cold War, as well as its consequences from the Cold War, which were confronted by it.4 Early Cold War During the Cold War, it was very predictive that Canada would take the side of the United States and the West, as

Ecological perspective (ecosystem theory) Essay - 1

Ecological perspective (ecosystem theory) - Essay Example Human organizations are functional systems which are affected by environmental forces to cause problems such as process vagueness, lack of goals as well as goal displacement. Human service agencies are therefore in constant challenges, since most of them are formed to tackle some of the fiercest human challenges; psychological issues. Management taking considerations of the nature of human society and its challenges is likely to have better management strategies. Fredrick Taylor formulated the scientific model of management of organizations in 1947. Basing his thoughts on the premise that reduced productivity results from misunderstandings between the workers and management, Taylor proposed a scientific assessment of workers output. He postulated that the best way to improve the general performance of an organization was to identify an above average worker and learn form his approach. Although good performance can be copied to improve performance in many fields, it might be problematic in human service due to variations in clients’ needs (Karen and Zastrow2010). Hawthorne works in a Chicago electric company experimented in 1927 on ways to increase a worker’s output and satisfaction. Changing aspects of the working environment greatly improved the output per worker. Hawthorne effect was developed from the realization that workers condition themselves to give favorable results that can be attributed to them. Social factors are key factors in the total output delivery by an individual worker (Karen and Zastrow2010). Y managers have the notion that their workers are self motivated, disciplined and enjoy working at all conditions. Managers must identify the type of workers they have to determine the level of stringency needed (Karen and Zastrow2010). The environment in which an individual grows in determines the psychological development of the individual, which controls behavior alongside

Technology Research and Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technology Research and Report - Essay Example Frank Ohrtman (2003, p.116) indicates that among data exchange standard, there has been phenomenal improvement especially in XML MP3 and TCP/IP the much dependent upon broad access to nonproprietary networking and data communications infrastructure (the Internet) that has been a principle tool in supporting the rising of technology waves and strong development undercurrents . Current technological landscape In this technological age, the combination of new standards, distributed software, expertise and a worldwide Internet infrastructure has created and continues to create a profoundly new technological architecture landscape. The advancement on technology has contributed immensely to heavy investment in the information technology industry. Organisations have increased investments in technologies and standards that allow them to bring structure to unstructured information. The motivation to replace unstructured with structured data is not the sole responsibility of the information co mmunity and the library alone, but also among business and national authorities across the world nations. On average enterprises operate with upto 85 percent of unstructured content, upon which efforts are being focused on harnessing their power in order for the enterprises to benefit from resulting competitive advantages. (Aray R., 2004). Among many others, there have emerged search engines as a dominant technical and structural approach towards automated data categorisation. Savvy Web users have become experts (professionally known as SEOs) at optimizing search strategies to maximize of the expected result although pressure has arose for much more advanced/structures search engines. Delivery of mobiles services This technology has also been widely embraced in the mobile technology. Provision of websites that are viewable via mobile phones is increasingly on demand and organisations have largely embraced provision of services and information through mobile technology (Andreas F. 20 11) Mobile service providers have been largely affected by the current technology landscape as they have to cope with ever emerging changes in the industry. Big chunks of the world’s population today are holders of mobile phones. Mobiles are not only used as communication devices but as also devices to access the Internet. The integration of such capabilities in the mobile devices has triggered a paralleled competition among mobile service providers as well as manufactures (Ajay R., 210). Effect of coverage and limitations Irrespective of geographical and topographical challenges, mobile service providers have managed to provide network coverage for their services to almost all parts within where their businesses operate. Though some challenges of network coverage are largely found in the African continent, most areas in the continent still enjoy these services. Advantages of 2G, 3G and 4G The mobile telecommunications industry has seen a lot of evolution since the inception of the use of mobile phone as a means of communication. There have been migrations in the industry such as the 2G, 3G and now the famous 4G networks in this industry. These have seen the industry improve provision of service to mobile owners become streamlined and the service advanced. The 2G technology evolved from 1G technology

Individual Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual Report - Essay Example Being the largest employer in the world and one of the biggest companies in the world, Wal-Mart faces a number of business risks as well as human resource challenges. The human resource challenges faced by the company are factors of internal threat to the business and Wal-Mart has been trying its best to alter its strategies and adopt the best possible human resource practices to negate the effect of the negative publicity caused by the internal human resource challenges faced by the organization. Discussion The employees of Wal-Mart have been dissatisfied with the discrimination and low pay policies which is resulting in negative image of the company. The employee engagement issue has been chosen for this purpose. Employee engagement In an attempt to enhance employee engagement, Wal-Mart has started the employee advancement program. The company takes care to ensure that the employees are presented with enough opportunities to rise through the ranks. Wal-Mart has a reputation of not treating their employee’s right and not being as up to date with technology as they could be. Wal-Mart is showing improvement with using the technology of e-training to enhance the knowledge and skills of their employees. The company along with trying to be customer centric is also trying to touch the base with their consumers (Laris, 2013). In the company the employees are referred to as Associates to promote equality and advices the managers to think themselves as servant leaders. This policy is used to encourage the mangers to serve others while staying focused on reaching the objectives in keeping with the values and integrity of the organization (Wall Street Journal, 2006).Many issues have arisen inside the organization due to the large and diverse workforce in the company. Maintaining the work culture while balancing the diversity level has been a challenge for the human resources team. Due to the existence of numerous stores and a huge number of employees, a vast range of requirements for pay and benefit is necessary (Dessler, 2005, p.97). Wal-Mart recognizes the need for a comprehensive list of options for its employees. Wal-Mart maintains a wide range of choices in the benefits packages offered by them under the career benefits offered by the organization. In terms of employee engagement issue Wal-Mart had faced a number of wage discrimination and class action gender lawsuits resulting in tarnishing the image of the company. It hired more specialized human resource managers and created a team of five legal professionals to handle the workplace issues and the concern of the supervisors on employment matters. A class action lawsuit against Wal-Mart encompassing more than one million female employees, making it one of the largest workplace discrimination cases in the history of the United States. In response to the charges of discrimination, the organization has hired a director of diversity, implemented a companywide computer posting of managemen t opening and also implemented a system in which the bonuses of the executive managers are based on the diversity of the workforce (Ungar, 2013). In order to judge the engagement of the workers in the workplace the company follows the performance measurement system. It was implemented in an organization need to be aligned with both the organization's competitive strategy and the internal HR practices (Bratton, 2007, p. 374). The performance management system of

HR Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HR Practices - Essay Example While the behaviors outlines the HR professional’s attributes that one needs to develop and use through the work, the bands concentrate on describing the transition from one level of professional competence to another, measuring up the contributions and outcomes of the strategic steps used in each level. The map has two core areas which represent the two core professional areas of HR practices. The first one is named, ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and is placed at the innermost core, while the second one is the outer core of the map and is named, ‘Leading HR’. ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ concentrates on enriching HR practices by providing all the tools and facts that need to be maintained in the development of a viable HR strategy, solutions to address all issues within the strategy, and insights from external and personal experiences to help reach the right combination of strategy, outcome and solutions. These include measuring up employee and customer profiles and prioritizing political, social, and technical relationships and decisions. The ‘Leading HR’ segment concentrates on qualities required to achieve excellent personal and team leading capabilities. The section also identifies the required solutions to delive r performance and add value to HR teams led and manage HR budgets. For both the core professional areas, the Performance and Rewards band can be tested out at band four. For a senior HR professional, the use of performance and rewards strategies would lead to better performance by the junior members of the HR team. The ‘Insights strategies and solutions’ and ‘Leading HR bands are well addressed by senior HR professionals when they use a performance and rewards approach in determining each step. Attracting and retaining a diverse workforce is all about giving your organization the benefit of multi-background employees who are competent enough to understand the dynamics of different markets. Three main

Goals and Commitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goals and Commitment - Essay Example I would plan my studies by highlighting different topics covered in class and setting time-bound deadlines within which I would revise the work. This enabled me to finish revising all the courses in good time. Another way was that I set to improve my grades after every exam. I was supposed to add at least five points per subject. The goal was measurable and I managed to evaluate my progress and improve my academics. Writing out help you to be committed to a task since you can always evaluate if you are working towards completing the task. Moreover, you are able to identify areas you could be having problems and seek help. In order to achieve a goal, it is important to be committed. There are different ways of showing commitment and a signature is used as a symbol to show your commitment to a goal or task. It is a pledge and a commitment to oneself and shows your strong dedication to achieve a goal.

Pepsi vs coca in india case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pepsi vs coca in india case - Essay Example Coca-Cola reentered India in the early 1990s when the Indian government adopted the policy of liberalization, privatization and globalization. By that time, PepsiCo had already acquired 26 percent of the cola segment. Coca-Cola could not eat into the market share of existing players as the beverage market was in the growth phase. PepsiCo has been actively strengthening its non-cola portfolio in India. The company has diversified into the lemon and orange segment of carbonated drinks and has also launched its brand of juices. PepsiCo garners one-fourth of its revenue from the non-cola segment and is well poised to capitalize on the consumers changing tastes and preferences. One the other hand, Coca-Cola’s flagship brands; Coke and Thums Up are cola drinks. PepsiCo has also launched its Aquafina brand of bottled mineral water in India. The company has captured a significant market share in the bottled water market which is expected to grow steadily in the future. The vast product array of PepsiCo also includes Gatorade, a well established international sports drink brand. The growing health consciousness amongst Indian consumers is likely to help Gatorade gain further traction in the Indian market. The emergence of sports and exercises in the daily regimen of Indian consumers bodes well for PepsiCo. PepsiCo uses appropriate advertising and sales promotion tactics keeping in mind the Indian culture. Sponsorship of cricket and football tournaments and celebrity endorsements has struck the right chord with PepsiCo’s target market in

The Meaning of American Pie Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of American Pie Essay In the autumn of 1971 Don McLeans elegiac American Pie entered the collective consciousness, and over thirty years later remains one of the most discussed, dissected and debated songs that popular music has ever produced. A cultural event at the peak of its popularity in 1972, it reached the top of the Billboard 100 charts in a matter of weeks, selling more than 3 million copies. By identifying this great success it illustrates that it was no ordinary song. With its boldness, originality and it being thematically ambitious created uncertainty. Presenting the idea that we weren’t entirely sure what the song was about, provoking endless debates over its epic cast of characters. But however open to interpretation the lyrics may have been, the songs emotional resonance was unmistakable: McLean was clearly relating a defining moment in the American experience—something had been lost. Opening with the death of singer Buddy Holly and ending near the tragic concert at Altamont Motor Speedway, we are able to frame the span of years the song is covering—1959 to 1970—as the 10 years weve been on our own of the third verse. It is across this decade that the American cultural landscape changed radically, passing from the relative optimism and conformity of the 1950s and early 1960s to the rejection of these values by the various political and social movements of the mid and late 1960s. American Pie appears to chronicle the course of rock n roll, it is not, as is sometimes suggested, a mere catalogue of musical events. In using the cast of rock n roll players from the 1960s and setting them against the backdrop of Buddy Hollys death, they become polarized—metaphors for the clash of values occurring in America at this time: Holly as the symbol of the happier innocence of the fifties, the rest as symbolic of the sixties growing unrest and fragmentation. And as each verse sums up chronological periods in time—the late 1950s, 1963-66, 1966-68, 1969, 1970—another blow against the happier innocence of another era is registered: another day the music dies. Verse 1 of American Pie looks back from the early seventies and introduces the catalyst for the story about to unfold. â€Å"A long long time ago I can still remember how the music used to make me smile†. The narrator here is nostalgic for a simpler and more optimistic kind of music—a music that can make people smile, and that could help them forget their troubles—and a music that very much represents the happier optimism of the 1950s in America. â€Å"But February made me shiver†, he also identifies Buddy Holly by the month in which he dies. Hollys passing had a profound effect on him, which is displayed throughout the song. The day the music died† this reflects and supports the idea that the day the music died becomes the day the innocence and optimism within America died The chorus is the primary key in understanding American Pie as the theme of America’s lost innocence is clearly stated. â€Å"So bye bye Miss American pie† Miss Amer ican Pie* is as American as apple pie, so the saying goes; she could also be a synthesis of this symbol and the beauty queen Miss America. Either way, her name evokes a simpler time in American life when these icons held more meaning. She is the America of a passing era, and he is bidding her farewell. Drove my Chevy to the levee alludes to a drive along a levee mentioned in a series of popular 1950s Chevrolet television commercials sung by Dinah Shore and which serves as a signpost to that era—just as the Chevrolet itself is a familiar icon of 1950s America. Also, given that a drive to a levee carries the suggestion of romance in a car, we can almost see him on a date here. But the date is over, the levee is dry—someone he once loved has betrayed him; something that once gave him sustenance has evaporated. This’ll be the day that I die† is a rewording of the line â€Å"cause that’ll be the day when I die† from the chorus of Holly’s hit that’ll be the day. This signifies McLean’s way of both mourning the death of that music and way of life, and pointing to Holly as his symbol of it. Verse 2 erupts with the idea that the narrator reaches little further back in time to the days of his youth, the late 1950s—a time of sock hops, pickup trucks and pink carnations—as he courts a woman who ultimately spurns him. This is a fickle lady here, and the narrator questions her loyalties. And can you teach me how to dance real slow? † This is a romantic dance. He is courting her. The slow dance itself is yet another reference to the fifties and the kind of dancing that went out of fashion in the following decade; it also alludes to the slower pace of life in America at this time. This verse helps us to further identity Miss American Pie, whose brief introduction in the chorus needed this additional exposition; and which, along with verse 1 and the chorus, also serves to establish the 1950s as the reference point for the res t of the song. In so doing, McLean characterizes the period primarily through its musical symbol (Holly), using him and the music (those rhythm and blues) as a metaphor for the innocence of the times, and a sacred thing. The day the music died now takes on the significance of a lost faith in the values of a passing era and the sorrow the narrator feels at their passing: blow number two. Having personified America as a woman, Bye bye Miss American Pie now more clearly becomes a farewell to the America he once knew.

Different Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology Essay

Different Reactions From The Brine Shrimp Biology Essay The objective of the Pharmacology Lab is to find the lethal chemical(s) or the LD50 relevant to a certain genus. In order for a chemical to be considered the LD50, 50% of the population of the organism present in a container must die. A total of three trials and four tests are completed to determine whether or not the chemical has the ability to kill the brine shrimp. The three trials contain 5mL of the chemical in each container, while the four tests have different amounts of the chemical in each container. The amount of water used for both the trials and tests remain constant at 40mL. Once the correct amount of the required substances and brine shrimp are placed into their respective and labeled containers for both trials and tests, they are then moved under a desk light. For the next duration of time, the death rate of the brine shrimp and the physical or behavioral changes visible are observed and recorded. After performing the experiments, the data shows that a great number of t hese selected regular household items have deadly chemicals in them that can kill other living organisms if given the right amount of dosage, including humans. Out of all five products, the LD50 was only found in soda and hydrogen peroxide. Lemon juice, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer were not considered the LD50 because the death rate percentage was higher than 50%. This research provides a better understanding of how toxic household chemicals are. Products that were created for consuming such as the Lemon Juice and Soda were found to instantly and over a certain amount of time, kill the brine shrimp once in contact. II. Introduction In this experiment, one of the main purposes is to find the LD50 of several household chemicals on Brine Shrimp. LD means lethal dose of a certain product. The LD50 formula gives the estimate of deaths of half a population when receiving the molarity of each chemical. A possible solution to this problem is to perform and experiment where an organism is tested on with different types of chemicals for the death rate. Brine shrimp, the genus used, are aquatic crustaceans that can be grown by adding water and brine shrimp eggs into a tank. This process takes approximately two days. Brine shrimp lives in salt water, but can also survive in regular water for 24 hours. Completing this experiment determines whether they can survive a certain about of chemicals in different time intervals. This lab contains five different chemicals including: nail polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, hand sanitizer, and lemon soda. These household chemicals are tested as the positive controls, whil e the negative control is water. With five positive controls, there would be different results from each chemical. As the experiment takes place through four tests; each containing 3 trials; the observation of the deaths of brine shrimp demonstrates the amount of time they can survive in new obscure habitats. The test of each chemical shows whether there are traces of deadly substances, which could help find the measures of toxicity in each chemical. Testing the toxicity by molarity and time shows the maximum amount of toxicity that humans can handle to be able to survive. The experiment is an example of how living organisms react to chemicals. The brine shrimp will play the role of the organism. However, different organisms will have different reactions depending on their adaptations and physical traits. As the brine shrimp take in the chemicals, the inability to survive increases. The death of the aquatic crustaceans shows how toxic harmless household chemicals can truly be.This lab will explore the ingredients from the five chemicals used. The observations of the LD50 will determine which chemical is deadlier than the others, causing the public to be more aware of these fatal factors. III. Methods: The brine shrimp are grown by adding water and brine shrimp eggs into a tank. Brine shrimp takes two days to mature enough to be experimented on. The lethal chemical(s) or the LD50 are found by placing different substances mixed with water into containers with nine brine shrimp. Through a series of tests and trials, the lethal chemicals are distinguished. A total of three trials and four tests are completed to determine whether or not the chemical has the ability to kill the brine shrimp. The three trials contain 5ml of the chemical in each container, while the four tests have different amounts of the chemical in each container; (5ml, 10ml, 15ml, and 20ml). The amount of water used for both the trials and tests remain constant at 40ml. Once the correct amount of the required substances the brine shrimp are placed into their labeled containers for both trials and tests. Next, the Brine shrimp are moved under a desk light because they are attracted to any form of light. The death rate and physical or behavioral changes of the brine shrimp are observed and recorded in tests with intervals of 10-minute trials and 5-30 minutes. This lab consists of four tests and three trials for five different chemicals to find the LD50. The positive controls include: Super Chill Lemon Lime soda, hydrogen peroxide, House Recipe lemon juice, 2.2 oz. of Assured Aloe Vera scented hand sanitizer and 2.2 oz. of ONYX Professional lavender scented nail polish remover, while the negative control is water throughout the entire experiment. For each test, there are three trials performed beforehand. Twenty seven brine shrimp are needed for the trials. For each of the three trials, nine brine shrimp are obtained from the twenty seven. Then, 40mL of distilled water is added to the brine shrimp container through pipettes and graduated cylinders; the total volume of water for each trial is 40mL in order to maintain consistency. From each chemical, 5mL are added into the labeled containers of the 40 mL distilled water. Once all substances are added, the containers are placed under direct light from a desk lamp because brine shrimp are att racted to light. Through five tests after the three trials, various amounts of nail polish remover, hydrogen peroxide, lemon juice, hand sanitizer, and Sprite soda are added to its assigned containers. For each test, there will be four containers for the different amounts used of each chemical. The first container contains 5mL of the chemical while the other three containers will have an increase of 5mL from the prior container. This process will be done five times for the five chemicals used. The counts of deceased shrimp after each time interval are recorded over a course of 5 minutes to 30 minutes in percentages. Different reactions from the brine shrimp were recorded in the data table as well as pictures being taken. This procedure was used according to the outline given in order to achieve the objective of this lab. Given a certain the amount of time, three trials and four tests were used. In the procedure, several changes were included, instead of adding 40ml of water with the nine brine shrimp, 40ml of water was added to the desired chemical first to have enough time to collect the brine shrimp for the specific trial and test. IV. Data Data table for Trial: Peroxide (3 trials total) @ (5ml of chemical) PH: 7 Time interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 10 mins move erratically; attracted to light; hitting against the cup 0% 0 10 mins move erratically, attracted to light 11% 1 10 mins move erratically, attracted to light 11% 1 Data table for Test: Peroxide 5mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 0% 0 10 min has bubbles 0% 0 15 min has bubbles 22% 2 20 min has bubbles 22% 2 25 min has bubbles 33% 3 30 min has bubbles 33% 3 Data table for Test: Peroxide 10mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 44% 4 10 min has bubbles 44% 4 15 min has bubbles 44% 4 20 min has bubbles 44% 4 25 min has bubbles 44% 4 30 min has bubbles 44% 4 Data table for Test: Peroxide 15mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 33% 3 10 min has bubbles 44% 4 15 min has bubbles 44% 4 20 min has bubbles 55% 5 25 min has bubbles 55% 5 30 min has bubbles 55% 5 Data table for Test: Peroxide 20mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 33% 3 10 min has bubbles 33% 3 15 min shrimp turn orange 44% 4 20 min has bubbles 55% 5 25 min has bubbles 55% 5 30 min has bubbles 55% 5 Data table for Trial: Nail Polish Remover (3 trials total) @ (5ml of chemical) PH: 7 Time interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 10 mins hitting against the cup under the light 22% 2 10 mins hitting against the cup under the light 22% 2 10 mins hitting against the cup under the light 22% 2 Data table for Test: Nail Polish 5mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 11% 1 10 min has bubbles 22% 2 15 min has bubbles 22% 2 20 min has bubbles 55% 5 25 min has bubbles 66% 6 30 min has bubbles 66% 6 Data table for Test: Nail Polish 10mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 100% 9 10 min has bubbles 100% 9 15 min has bubbles 100% 9 20 min has bubbles 100% 9 25 min has bubbles 100% 9 30 min has bubbles 100% 9 Data table for Test: Nail Polish 15mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 100% 9 10 min has bubbles 100% 9 15 min has bubbles 100% 9 20 min has bubbles 100% 9 25 min has bubbles 100% 9 30 min has bubbles 100% 9 Data table for Test: Nail Polish 20mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min has bubbles 100% 9 10 min has bubbles 100% 9 -15 min has bubbles 100% 9 20 min has bubbles 100% 9 25 min has bubbles 100% 9 30 min has bubbles 100% 9 Data table for Trial: Lemon (3 trials total) @ (5ml of chemical) PH: 2 Time interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 10 mins some floats 100% 9 10 mins transparent with some orange 100% 9 10 mins completely transparent 100% 9 Data table for Test: Lemon 5 mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min completely transparent 100% 9 10 min completely transparent 100% 9 15 min completely transparent 100% 9 20 min completely transparent 100% 9 25 min completely transparent 100% 9 30 min completely transparent 100% 9 Data table for Test: Lemon 10mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min completely transparent 100% 9 10 min completely transparent 100% 9 15 min completely transparent 100% 9 20 min completely transparent 100% 9 25 min completely transparent 100% 9 30 min completely transparent 100% 9 Data table for Test: Lemon 15mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min completely transparent 100% 9 10 min completely transparent 100% 9 15 min completely transparent 100% 9 20 min completely transparent 100% 9 25 min completely transparent 100% 9 30 min completely transparent 100% 9 Data table for Test: Lemon 20mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min completely transparent 100% 9 10 min completely transparent 100% 9 15 min completely transparent 100% 9 20 min completely transparent 100% 9 25 min completely transparent 100% 9 30 min completely transparent 100% 9 Data table for Trial: Hand Sanitizer (3 trials total) @ (5ml of chemical) PH: 7 Time interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 10 mins shrimp turns orange 33% 3 10 mins all on the bottom 33% 3 10 mins against the wall 22% 2 Data table for Test: Hand Sanitizer 5 mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min turns orange 66% 6 10 min turns orange 66% 6 15 min turns orange 77% 7 20 min turns orange 77% 7 25 min turns orange 100% 9 30 min turn orange 100% 9 Data table for Test: Hand Sanitizer- 10mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min turns orange 22% 2 10 min turns orange 33% 3 15 min turns orange 55% 5 20 min turns orange 55% 5 25 min turns orange 88% 8 30 min turns orange 100% 9 Data table for Test:Hand Sanitizer- 15mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min turns orange 44% 4 10 min turns orange 66% 6 15 min turns orange 66% 6 20 min turns orange 66% 6 25 min turns orange 77% 7 30 min turns orange 100% 9 Data table for Test: Hand Sanitizer- 20mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min turns orange 88% 8 10 min turns orange 88% 8 15 min turns orange 100% 9 20 min turns orange 100% 9 25 min turns orange 100% 9 30 min turns orange 100% 9 Data table for Trial: soda (3 trials total) @ (5ml of chemical) PH: 7 Time interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 10 mins bubbles 22% 2 10 mins some are orange 22% 2 10 mins some are orange 22% 2 Data table for Test: soda 5 mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min bubbles 11% 1 10 min bubbles 11% 1 15 min bubbles 11% 1 20 min bubbles 11% 1 25 min bubbles 22% 2 30 min bubbles 22% 2 Data table for Test: soda 10mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min bubbles 55% 5 10 min bubbles 55% 5 15 min bubbles 55% 5 20 min bubbles 55% 5 25 min bubbles 55% 5 30 min bubbles 55% 5 Data table for Test: soda- 15mL Time Interval Observations Deaths (%) Deaths (#) 5 min bubbles 44% 4 10 min bubbles 44% 4 15 min bubbles 55% 5 20 min bubbles 66% 6 25 min bubbles 66% 6 30 min bubbles 77% 7 Data table for Test: soda 20mL: Time Interval Observations Death (%) Deaths (#) 5 min bubbles 88% 8 10 min bubbles 88% 8 15 min bubbles 88% 8 20 min bubbles 88% 8 25 min bubbles 88% 8 30 min bubbles 88% 8 V. Analysis The LD50 for hydrogen peroxide is approximately 0.24 molars. Hydrogen peroxide has 3% Hydrogen Peroxide (Stabilized), Purpose First Aid Antiseptic/Oral Debriding Agent. Its Inactive Ingredient is Purified Water. Hydrogen peroxide is a deteriorizing agent that is commonly used as a hair bleach when diluted. An Oral debriding agent describes what the hydrogen peroxide can do. This means that the hydrogen peroxide when diulted in water can help heal minor mouth and gum irritation. Since all living organisms have an enzyme called peroxidase, it helps decompose low concentrations hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. . There is no LD50 for nail polish remover. Nail Polish remover has the ingredients: Acetone, aqua, denatonium benzoate, tocopheryl acetate, aloe barbadensis leaf juice, parfum(means perfume in french), Cl 45410(dye), Cl 60730(dye). Denatonium benzoate is a chemical compound known to prevent and discourage people from drinking harmful products. Tocopheryl acetate, also known as vitamin E acetate provides beneficial antioxidant effects. Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, also know as Aloe Vera is a plant. When consumed, it can help relieve irritable bowel syndrome and heartburn. Acetone is an organic compound that is a colorless and flammable liquid. Concluding that acetone is the lethal ingredient and causes the death of the brine shrimp when ingested, it will cause liver problems, which causes the liver to have a hard time breaking them down. Large intake of acetone can lead to unconsciousness and death. There was no LD50 for Lemon; the ingredients in the lemon juice packets include water, lemon juice concentrate, sodium benzoate, sodium bisulfite, and lemon oil. Sodium Benozoate is a type of salt often used a preservative because it works well at killing bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Sodium bisulfite is a food addictive. When in contact with chlorine bleach, it will release harmful fumes.The brine shrimp died within 20 minutes because of the sodium benzoate in the lemon juice packet, which is a type of salt mixed together with vitamin C causes a carcinogen substance called benzene. Benzene is a carcinogen because when exposed into the air, it can cause leukemia. Eating or drinking substances with high levels of benzene can cause vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, and or death. It may not be lethal enough to kill humans yet, but having a high amount of the lemon juice packets can potentially kill a human or any living organism. There is no LD50 for Hand Sanitizer but the graph decreases and increases because there was a slight change in the number of brine shrimp needed in each container. The ingredients contained in this chemical are: water, triethanolamine, glycerin, propylene glycol, aloe barbadensis gel(another form of aloe vera), carbomer, fragrance, blue 1(dye), yellow 5(dye), and 62% ethyl alcohol. Triethanolamine is a chemical compound that occasionally causes contact allergy. Glycerin is a simple alcohol compound that is used as a sweetener and sometimes a preservative in food and beverages. Propylene glycol is an organic compound used in many applications such as a food addictive called E number 1520, moisturizer in medicine, and a solvent for food coloring. Carbomer is a synthetic polymer that forms an adhesive eye gel. 62% ethyl alcohol is a flammable liquid used as solvents and fuel. The brine shrimp died because of the 62% ethyl alcohol in the hand sanitizer, when consumed can cause death. Alt hough used in wine and any alcoholic drinks, the drinks only contain small concentrations of alcohol, legal enough to drink. The LD50 for Super chill lemon lime soda is approximately 0.19 molars. The ingredients in the soda are carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, citric acid, natural flavors, potassium citrate and potassium benzoate. High frutose corn syrup is comprised of many corn syrups that has undergone enzymatic(enzymes that catalyze) process that converts glucose into frutose for desired sweetness. There have been health concerns about raising the risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is a natural preservative and used to add a sour taste to food and soft drinks. Contact with dry citric acid can result in skin or eye irritation. potassium citrate is a food addictive and used to regulate acidity. It is also a potential health hazard when administered incorrectly. Elevated blood levels of potassium citrate can result in heart attacks and death. Potassium benzoate is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of yeast, mold, and some bacteria. T he reason why the brine shrimp died because of potassium citrate in the soft drink. Too much potassium citrate can cause irregular heartbeat and a risk of having a heart attack. Although there are potassium citrate pills sold in stores, they are only recommended if the person had been having a case of fatigue or muscle weakness. The kidney is responsible for eliminating excess potassium in the body. The molarity formula: iM1V1=1M2V2 was used to find the LD50 and true concentration of each chemical after all the substance has been added to container and totaled. The LD50 for Hydrogen Peroxide is 0.24 molars. The LD50 for Super Chill lemon lime soda is 0.19 molars. There are no LD50 for lemon, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer because the deaths were higher than fifty percent. The standard deviation at 20 ml for Hydrogen Peroxide is approximately 0.833, for Nail Polish remover, lemon, hand sanitizer, and soda is 0. The chemicals included in this experiment are normally used in everyday use in the household. Chemicals such as peroxide are used to clean injuries or cuts. Hand sanitizer is used to clean 99.9% of bacteria on hands. Nail polish remover is used for getting the nail polish off of the fingernails. Lemon juice packets are used in making the dressing for a salad. The LD50 for Nail Polish remover is 1.159 g/kg for humans when digested. Unfortunately, the LD50 for the r est of chemicals are unavailable because they have only been conducted on rats and mice. Although the results of the data were both consistent and gradual in terms of death percentages, a few of the brine shrimp died before 5 minutes of data was recorded. This indicated that the brine shrimp could not live in the high toxicity levels on some of the chemicals used in this experimentation even with the addition of water. VI. Conclusion This lab is significant because the participants are able to discover the true dangers of certain household products such as hydrogen peroxide, soda, hand sanitizer, lemon juice, and nail polish remover. With everyday household chemicals, a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s health can be affected, thus finding the LD50 will tell us how toxic a certain item is. The use of the LD50 is to study the amount of a chemical that will kill 50% of the tested animal, which will show us how dangerous a product can truly be. Some insights include the participants testing the dangers of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“harmlessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  products. The lab offered similarities and an opportunity for a hands on experience of the procedures a toxicologist, like finding the cause and effects of poison. By using mathematical formulas like the molarity formula and the standard deviation formula, accurate and reliable data was collected to find the true concentration of the LD50 chemicals. For example, the data and calculat ions from these formulas show that one of the chemicals, Hydrogen Peroxide is the LD50 with a molarity of 0.24 molars. The data tables show that chemicals like the lemon juice, nail polish remover, and hand sanitizer are not the LD50. This is most likely due to the fact that these products contain amounts of citric acid and alcohol which results in death rates that are over 50%. In the trials and tests, many occurrences of errors and mistakes which could have affected the outcome of the results. In one of the hand sanitizer tests, 18mL was added into the mixture of substance instead of 20mL. Instead of counting the number of death at a certain time, some of the intervals were missed by a minute or two. This lab was not as accurate as expected because of the difficulties experienced during the beginning of the lab. For example, lotion was one of the chemicals to be tested on the brine shrimp prior to the lab. However, because the lotion was dense, it was difficult to mix with the wat er. Also, the color made it nearly impossible to see and count the brine shrimp. These errors could be easily avoided in the future by double checking the amount of a substance being added, keeping track of time, and using transparent products. For a clearer understanding several alterations of a procedure outline, being careful with the amount of measurements and constant data collection could be applied in the future.

Analysis - Rockin Beats is a music store which has two branches :: Business and Management Studies:

Analysis - Rockin Beats is a music store which has two branches located in the United Arab Emirates. One branch is located in Sharjah and the other in Dubai. Analysis Rockin Beats is a music store which has two branches located in the United Arab Emirates. One branch is located in Sharjah and the other in Dubai. The Rockin Beats store in Dubai offers:  · Latest titles in pop, rock and dance  · The expanding collection offers over 1000 CD's including live versions  · CD's are digitally re-mastered for the best sound  · Reasonable prices and special offers Rockin Beats has a total staff of 19 who are constantly working to provide the best service. The staff of 19 consists of 6 shop assistants, 1 sales manger, 3 sales staff, 1 accountant and 1 assistant accountant, 1 sound engineer, 1 purchasing manager, 3 cashiers, 1 storekeeper, 1 secretary and the chairman Mr Jason Smith. Current System In order to investigate the problem with the current system there had to be some research done, which involved interviewing the chairman, Mr Smith and the customers. Mr Smith, aged 42 has lot of experience in the trade and is constantly trying to make the store more profitable. His main concern seems to be the inefficiency of the system as it's a manual system. In order to increase the efficiency, the current system will have to be automated. At present, shop assistants are concentrating more on there manual work rather than giving time for customers. An automated system will create friendly customer service and increase the efficiency there by making Rockin Beats a more profitable organisation. In the current system, when a CD arrives to the store the name of the CD, album name and price are noted down on a sheet and placed in alphabetical order in a filing cabinet, which is placed in the store. When a customer buys a CD, an invoice with the price and album ID, handwritten by the cashier is given to the customer. After the cashier has about ten invoices, the invoices are sent through a shop assistant to the accounts department which takes about 10 minutes. An accountant searches for the sales file in the filing cabinet and writes down the sold CD's and places the file back in the sales cabinet. The invoices are then passed on to the store keeper who ticks off the CD's sold on the stock control file and then removes the CD's from the filing cabinet in the store. Copies of the invoices are stored in another filing cabinet in alphabetical order of the album name.

Psychology :: essays research papers

Psyc 3331 Psychology of Gender Notes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  02.02.05 Chapter 1 Key Terms †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Androcentric bias: discipline of psychology that is largely focused on men and describes men as superior and women as inferior. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bias in Research Methods: bias occurs in every part of the research process-from question formulation and research design to data analysis and interpretation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Blatant sexism: occurs when women are treated in a transparently harmful and unequal way. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Covert sexism: form of sexism that’s intentional, hidden, and often hostile. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cultural approach: origins of gender stereotyping from a sociocultural perspective where children are socialized to act according to their culture. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cultural feminism: emphasizes characteristics and qualities of women that are devolved and ignored in society. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Division 35: APA’s division of the psychology of women (est.1973) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Engendering psychology: a psychology which gender considerations are mainstreamed throughout the discipline. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Evolutionary psychology: developed by Wilson; psychological traits are selected through evolution †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Feminism: belief that women and men are equal and should be equally valued and have equal rights. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1st wave feminism: began in 1903 with the founding of women’s social and political union †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  gender: different between boys and girls and women and men are averaged in society’s social interact; based on a composed set of traits, interests, and behaviors. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gender schema: structures that allow a person to organize information related to gender by linking gender labels to objects, traits, and behaviors. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gender stereotypes: cognitive representation of males and females; organized set of beliefs of psychological traits and characteristics as well as activities appropriate to men or women. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Liberal feminism: focuses on equality of women and men †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Men’s movement: includes military, political, religion, and economic events that have benefited men †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Radical feminism: focuses on control of women by men; based on belief that men’s oppression of women is primary and serves as a model for all other oppression †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Science: knowledge based activity that depends on facts accumulated through systematic and objective questioning, hypothesis testing, methodological study, analysis, and presentation. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sex: biological difference in the genetic composition and reproductive structures and functions of men and women †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sex discrimination: harmful and unequal treatment of individuals due to their sex. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sexism: differential treatment of individuals based on their sex; subordination of women and assumption of the superiority of men solely on the basis of sex or gender †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Social constructionism: view by Foucault that human behavior determined by historical, cultural, and social conditions †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Socialist feminism: focuses on social relations and how social institutions preserve and promote male dominance. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sociobiology (Evolutionary Psychology): theory by Wilson that holds that psychological traits are selected through an evolutionary process; adaptive traits are selected because they serve to perpetuate the species.

Common Sense vs Sociological Sense Essay -- Sociology Analysis

A wide range of people all over the world inaccurately come to the conclusion that sociology is merely, ‘the study of the obvious’ and the application of common sense, this statement could not be further from the truth. Common sense derives from statements such as, ‘opposites attract’, however the Sociological sense takes this belief and carries out numerous tests to discover whether it is fact, or fiction. Bauman regards common sense knowledge and common sense understandings as powerful social mechanisms which can fundamentally shape attitudes about the world in which humans live. Sociology is the ‘social science’ that studies human behaviour and characteristics based on their development within society. Common sense however is, what a person has learnt from society due to them being socialised. Michael Jacobson illustrates Bauman’s opinion of common sense, ‘Defamiliarization shatters the impenetrable walls of common sense that prevents us from experiencing and understanding the world anew’. Bauman’s argument depicts that humans have grown with society’s changes and are now dependent upon ‘common sense’ due to the lack of interest in exploring the world they live in at greater depths. This is reiterated further as Jacobson continues to exemplify Bauman’s argument, ‘he always points to the yet undiscovered human p otential and the – in principle- unlimited possibilities waiting to be uncovered by humanity beyond the constraining confines of common sense’. Bauman persistently disputes that if the human race was to distance themselves from any beliefs they have heard, or have been raised with, that are originated from common sense they would discover a world of greater potential. I have looked at three articles based on educatio... ...at life from unexpected and unexplored angles, constructing the well known as strange’. This strategy forms the link between the sociological sense and common sense. Common sense expects the individual to believe in society’s concepts and not further their own understanding by deciphering a certain belief as a sociologist. For instance the common sense belief that opposites attract, when scrutinized it seems that people are more likely to seem attractive if they share things in common with another person than if they had very different beliefs. This is the concept of sociology according to Bauman. Works Cited Hurd, G.E & Johnson, T.J (1963) Education and Development. Journal of The Sociological Review. Vol 15, No.1, pp59-7. Jacobsen, M.H and Poder, P. (eds). (2008). The sociology of Zygmunt Bauman: challenges and critique . Ashgate: Ashgate Publishing Ltd

American Corporations Have Always Responded to Family Issues

Since the birth of the United States of America, and indeed going back even further to the days of Colonial America, organized businesses have existed. These businesses have always required any number of workers to make products, provide services, and the like. Eventually, with the establishment of the American legal system, these businesses became American corporations and flourished, needing even more workers. Of course, these workers typically have families that they are working to support, and from time to time, issues arise within those families that require extra assistance.With this in mind, the issue of whether American corporations have always responded to family issues arises. In this research, the assertion will be made that American corporations have in fact always responded to family issues. This assertion will be supported with historical evidence. Statement/Support of Position The introduction stated that the position of this paper is that American corporations have al ways responded to family issues, and that position will be supported with historic evidence, with one important distinction at the outset.It is impossible to say that all American corporations have always been responsive; however, it is possible to bring forth some prominent examples of huge corporations, past and present that are quite responsive in fact. First, we travel in time back to the early 1800s and the business empire of a Scottish immigrant named Andrew Carnegie. A true rags-to-riches story, Carnegie came to America as a young man and eventually worked his way into becoming one of the wealthiest men in America.However, his personal belief was that a man who died wealthy without helping others was not a man at all. Because of this, he formed charitable foundations to help the families of his workers, as well as others, which today is manifested in the Carnegie-Mellon Foundation, which continues to help families to this very day (Andrew Carnegie: People and Events). Also co mpelling evidence of American corporations helping family issues include the millions of dollars that chocolate magnate Milton Hershey used to establish literally a town in Pennsylvania that would eventually bear his name.His intention in establishing the town was to have schools, hospitals and housing that would foster the healthy development of the American family (Milton Hershey: The Company and the Man). Fast forwarding to the modern day, Ford Motor Company has devoted tens of millions of dollars to support military families, who have unlimited issues due to separations that are necessary when one parent is serving overseas and the like (Ford’s Warriors in Pink and Army Wives Join Forces).Also, even in the midst of one of the worst economic situations in recent US history, the American financial industry of late has united to raise funds for the battle of cancer, a horrible disease that literally destroys families (Financial Industry's Leading Charity Aims to Raise $1 Mil lion at Annual Expect Miracles). Conclusion From just a few prominent examples, past and present, the point has been firmly established that American corporations have always responded to family issues.Once again, it should be stated that not all corporations respond like Ford, Hershey ,etc. , but perhaps they will in the future if motivated by the excellent examples set by the corporations that have responded to such issues. In closing, that is probably the most significant point to take away from this research. References Andrew Carnegie:People and Events. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/carnegie/peopleevents/pande01. html Financial Industry's Leading Charity Aims to Raise $1 Million at Annual Expect Miracles.Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS114628+09-Jun-2008+BW20080609 Ford’s Warriors in Pink and Army Wives Join Forces. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from th e World Wide Web: http://www. fordvehicles. com/warriorsinpink/armywives/? searchid=426441&28330281&205684999References Milton Hershey: The Company and the Man. Retrieved October 13, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. hersheypa. com/town_of_hershey/history/

In what ways did the events at Fort Necessity combine with other causes to begin the French and Indian War?

The French and Indian War is a very well known war and it’s most famous cause is the events that took place at Fort Necessity. However the truth is, is that there is much more to that war than just one incident. The French and British did not have good history with each other already so it was not easy immigrating to the same land without a head leader. As well as the ways of making money for the two different countries is different so they tend to clash in that respect. Lastly coming to the New World is about gaining power and control and they saw each other in the way of becoming a superpower country. The French and the British have had their disagreements in the past and just because they have moved to a new country doesn’t mean that those disagreements have gone away. The British were farmers, manufacturers, and tradesmen. The French on the other hand were mainly trappers and riverboat traders. This caused the inevitable, a conflict of interests from the Ohio River to Lake Champlain. The boundaries back then were not set in stone so it was pretty difficult to definitely say what land belonged to whom. The French and the British also had sort of an unspoken competition over land and power. This also caused conflict. Both France and Britain came to the New World to become much more powerful and basically take over most of the world. They came with greed for money, land and control. Initially Britain had more land, but the French had some good resources. In order to gain global power, resources were key. Resources could lead to money and trade and everything a country could want. As stated before, boundaries were pretty vague and both Britain and France wanted control over the Ohio River Valley. In reaction France began to build forts there and the British tried to take them down and failed. Then the British started to build their own fort, Fort Necessity. Soon the French approached the fort and this caused a battle, which left the British in a worse position than before and they had to surrender. This caused the tension and anger between the two countries to rise even more. Lastly trade was a huge issue between the French and British. They wanted different things, but they needed the same land. The Ohio Valley was full of trees and rich soil. The French wanted the land to keep the trees and continue the fur trade. This keeps the Indians happy because they get the benefit of trading with the French. However, the English wanted the land to chop down the trees and farm. This is how they make their profit, but it was also cause the Indians to have to move out. The French were not happy with what the British wanted to do with the land. The French were allies with the Indians and didn’t want to see them displaced. In conclusion there were many causes to the French and Indian War, not just the incident at Fort Necessity. The French and British already were not on the best terms with each other and they had no plan to change that. Also the French and British both wanted to be all-powerful, but they couldn’t do that together. The both wanted the land and the economic gain, but they both couldn’t have it. It also affected the trade. They wanted to use the Ohio River Valley for two different things that could not coincide. All these disagreements and the tension rose to the point of war. This was war was also known as the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War.

The Next Hunger Games English Literature Essay

The narrative a subsequence. Its about a miss, Katniss. She lived in District 12 and got picked as testimonial to contend in the one-year Hunger Games, organized by the Capitol, the topographic point that regulations over a state called Panem ( what used to be the United States ) . The 1 who survives the game, wins. Merely one individual could win, but at the terminal they said two people from the same territory could win together. When Katniss and her fellow District 12 testimonial Peeta think they ‘ve won, they ‘re told merely one of them can win. Because they refuse to kill each other, they want to take toxicant berries so they ‘ll both decease. This is seen as opposition by the Capitol ( the Capitol regulations everything ) , and they are rapidly stopped. So, together with Peeta, Katniss won the Hunger Games. Because of Katniss ‘ behaviour, people are easy turning against the Capitol. The following Hunger Games, all the old victors had to be in the games once more, even though they would really ne'er have to once more. At the terminal, the staying testimonials are saved by Rebels and they are brought to District 13. Cipher knew District 13 still existed though. In the interim, Katniss has become the symbol of the revolution. She is the ‘Mockingjay ‘ . She does hold a twosome of demands. So she wants President Coin, the president of District 13, to allow unsusceptibility to all former victors of the Hunger Games. She besides wants to be the 1 who kills President Snow ( President of Panem ) . Peeta was non rescued by the Rebels so the Rebels decide to take action, and free Peeta from the Capitol. If successful, it is non the Peeta that Katniss can retrieve her. But when Peeta is saved, he attacks Katniss because he was brainwashed by the Capitol so he would believe that Katniss is the enemy. The Rebels, with Katniss as their leader, continue runing and they go to the Capitol. Their end is to kill President Snow. During this trip, a figure of Rebels are killed, including Finnick. Finally Katniss goes looking for president Snow by herself. Then parachutes fall down, the same 1s that were used in the Hunger Games to supply things. The kids instantly try to acquire them, but they are bad packages, because there are bombs inside. Many of the kids and the Rebel medical squad are killed because of this. Among these people was Primrose, Katniss ‘ sister. This has a great impact on Katniss. Finally Katniss gets to President Snow and they talk briefly. He tells her that non he, but President Coin was responsible for the bombs. Katniss does n't cognize what to believe, but if this is true so Gale was cognizant of this program, even though he denies everything. When Katniss gets the opportunity to kill President Snow, she remembers that she had one time made a trade with him ; they would ever state each other the truth. So alternatively of killing him, she shoots an pointer at President Coin. Commotion arises and it seems President Snow is dead, but it is ill-defined how he died precisely. Katniss wants to perpetrate self-destruction, but right when she wants to take the pill, Peeta stops her. Katniss does n't acquire pursued and goes back to District 12 with some others and they want to reconstruct the territory. Katniss eventually sees that it was inevitable to fall in love with Peeta. She did non necessitate Gale. Together with Haymitch, Katniss and Peeta create a book with the narratives of the old testimonials and others during who died during the rebellion. This manner, they would ne'er be forgotten. The book ends with an epilogue. Katniss is an grownup and has two kids, she is married to Peeta. The Hunger Games are history, but Katniss does non look frontward to the minute when she has to state her kids about the Games and the war.SubjectFerociousnessDescription of the chief characterKatniss Everdeen: Katniss is a 17 twelvemonth old miss. She is obstinate and independent. Her small sister Prim means a batch to her. She loves runing with her friend Gale. Because she did n't desire to be bossed around by the Capitol, she gave people hope. So she became ‘the Mockingjay ‘ .Description of two minor charactersPeeta Mellark: Peeta Mellark was a bakers boy. He ever had a crush on Katniss before they got picked to be testimonials. Peeta is really talented in picture. He is diffident, really sweet and would make anything for Katniss. Gale Hawthorne: Gale is Katniss ‘ best friend and they ever hunt together. He cares a batch about his household. He is rebellious and lovingness. He is in love with Katniss.Description of the topographic point where the narrative is setDistrict 13. This is the District furthest off from the Capitol. It is under the land, so it looks as if there is nil. But, under the land are populating a batch of people.When does the narrative take topographic point?The narrative takes topographic point in the hereafter. I know this because it is told in the first book of the series. The narrative is told inveterate.Who is the storyteller?The narrative is told from Katniss ‘ position.Explanation of the rubricWhen Katniss went into the Hunger Games in the first book, she got a pin with a mockingjay on it. That is the combination of a mocker and a jabberjay ( a bird designed by the Capitol to memorise conversations so the Capitol could descry on people. When the jabberjay ‘s got misu sed by the people being spied on, the jabberjay ‘s were released in the wild. Alternatively of deceasing, they bred with mockers ) . Katniss becomes ‘the mockingjay ‘ as a statement.Is the book merely meant as a narrative or is the writer seeking to convey across a message?I do n't believe there ‘s truly a message behind the narrative. Possibly if you try really difficult to happen some kind of intending behind the narrative you could believe of a message but I think that ‘s a small far-fetched.My sentiment on the bookI liked the book, because I was really funny about how the narrative would stop.Would I urge the book to my schoolmates?Certain, I would urge the book to my schoolmates. But, they should hold read the other books because this is merely the concluding book. If they have read the other books, I would decidedly urge the book because it is easy to read and it ‘s non really complicated ( unless you have n't read the other books evidently ) .Which portion I liked bestI liked the stoping best, merely because I wanted to cognize how the narrative ended.Which portion disappointed me mostI guess what disappointed me most was besides the stoping, because even though I loved Peeta, I in secret wanted Katniss to take Gale. She made the right determination though, but it still someway defeated me.How much clip I spent reading the bookI think it took me about a hebdomad to read the book, but I ‘m non certain how many hours.

Adaptation Mcdonalds

McDonald's Going International International Marketing Mag. K. Roth Group 2 Florian Antos Vladimir Slon Christoph Gluszko 1 Christian Schromm ALL YOU WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT McDonald's 2 History †¢ McDonald's Corporation – is the world's largest chain of fastfood restaurants, primarily selling hamburgers, chicken, French fries, milkshakes and soft drinks. More recently, it also offers salads, fruit and carrot sticks. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California.Their introduction of the â€Å"Speedee Service System† in 1948 established the principles of the modern fast-food restaurant. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Illinois on April 15, 1955, the ninth McDonald's restaurant overall. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers' equity in the company and led its worldwide expansion. 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What are the advantages and disadvantages of adaptation strategy used by McDonald’s? 4 1.Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Advantages: †¢ Different cultures have different consumer needs and tastes †¢ Political and legal environment of the international market that they plan to enter †¢ Differences among nations in terms of cultures, religious believes, political and legal systems, customer values and lifestyles, and stages of economic and market development †¢ Differences in the advancement of technology †¢ Competition plays a major role in determining if a company will adopt a product adaptation scheme 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy Disadvantages: †¢ The costs associated with adaptation can also play a major role in determining whether or not a firm chooses to standardize their product 6 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adaptation strategy †¢ †¢ †¢ Cross any boarder and you will find multiple variations from price to product, starting with the presentation. Misconception that McDonalds is the same everywhere.Country teams have considerable autonomy to develop and market new product lines. Menu differences: Netherlands and Austria– Beer Germany – Chinese Week Canada – Mc Pizza India – Goat and lamb burgers half of menu vegetarian Japan – ingredients such as cabbage and Teriyaki USA – Barbecue bacon Burgers, sausage breakfast burritos 7 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized? 8 Are there examples of truly global brands that never customized?Truly global Brands : †¢ In general we can say that straight extension (=standardization) has been implemented and already been successful with cameras, consumer electronics, and many machine tools. Stihl ( machinery and chainsaw producer) Nikon Olympus, Canon ( camera producers) Kitchen Aid (consumer electronics ) Caterpillar (trucks, bulldozers) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 9 What have been the key factors that have led to McDonald’s global success? 10 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ Fast service enabled by a limited menu, focus on cleanliness, family friendly facilities, good value for money Emergence of cash-rich, time-poor lifestyle Societal acceptance of a more casual approach to eating on the run underscored the emergence of McDonalds Innovations in food preparation technology and service delivery providing a fast- service format that customers appreciate as well as a cost base that competitors found hard to match Waiter labor cost savings passed on directly to the consumers through lower prices McDonalds was the leader to introduce franchising in the global marketplace, augmenting the organic restaurant growth by harnessing the management, cultural and entrepreneurial capabilities and capital of local businesspeople around the world.Expanding across the globe Increasing res taurant penetration in already existing markets †¢ †¢ †¢ 11 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? Key Faktors: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economies of scale in production and distribution Power and scope Brand image was country suited Ability to leverage ideas quickly and efficiently Uniformity of marketing practices Pervasiveness of McDonalds brand 12 2. What have been the key factors that have led McDonalds to global success? †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ McDonald's is seen as the number one representative of the all American lifestyle, which at the time when the expansion began was very popular. In some countries it is still a status symbol to go and have a meal at McDonald's.Generally the cooperation is at pains to offer a selection of standardized core products ( Big Mac, Soft drinks, French Fries) in addition to locally accepted alternatives. Giving the multinational cooperation a local Face ( thinking of Salzburg's restaurant) In order to use synergies on the one hand and reduce national competences on the other a supranational administrative department had been set up in Europe. McDonald's. has always been supported by US foreign policy Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s; Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 13 What are the risks and benefits of choosing the franchising system for franchisor? 14 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for franchisor: The franchisor profits from the strongly motivated franchisee as a self-dependent entrepreneur †¢ The franchising as a way to overcome the resource scarcity through the direct market access †¢ The ability to overcome the high costs of arranging the new distribution network through using the well tailored network of franchisor †¢ Low capital investments for the product placement and region marketing through the franchisee †¢ The benefits from using a recognized brand name and trade marks through the reputation of the franchisor †¢ Extended expansion possibility through franchising 15 3. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisor: †¢ The existence of multiple, geographically dispersed owner-managers makes the control difficult †¢ Possible high costs of training development, promotional and support activities of franchisee †¢ Service delivery may be inconsistent because of geographically dispersed franchisees 16 What are the key issues by setting up a McDonald’s Franchisee? 17 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Benefits for the franchisee: †¢ Your business is based on a proven idea.You can check how successful other franchises are before committing yourself. †¢ You can use a recognized brand name and trade marks. You benefit from any advertising or promotion by the owner of the franchise – the â€Å"franchisor†. †¢ The franchisor gives you support – usually including training, help setting up the business, a manual telling you how to run the business and ongoing advice. †¢ Financing the business may be easier. Banks are sometimes more likely to lend money to buy a franchise with a good reputation. †¢ Risk is reduced and is shared by the franchisor. †¢ If you have an existing customer base you will not have to invest time looking to set one up. Relationships with suppliers have already been established. †¢ The ability to overcome the resource constrains. 18 4. Risks and Benefits of franchise system Risks for franchisee: †¢ Costs may be higher than you expect. As well as the initial costs of buying the franchise, you pay continuing royalties and you may have to agree to buy products from the franchisor. †¢ The franchise agreement usually includes restrictions on how you run the business. You might not be able to make changes to suit your local market. †¢ The franchisor might go out of business, or change the way they do things. †¢ Other franchisees could give the brand a bad reputation. You may find it difficult to sell your franchise – you can only sell it to someone approved by the franchisor. 19 4. Costs and Restrictions Costs: Financial Requirements/Down Payment : Initial down payment for opening (40% of the total cost) or an existing restaurant (25% of the total cost) about 200. 000 $ nonborrowed resources Financing: McDonald’s does not offer financing; McDonald’s Owner/Operators enjoy the benefits of our established relationships with many national lending institutions 20 4. Costs and Restrictions Restrictions: During the term of the franchise, you pay McDonald’s the following fees: †¢ Service fee: a monthly fee based upon the restaurant’s sales performance (currently a service fee of 4. 0% of monthly sales). Rent: a monthly based rent or percentage rent that is a percentage of monthly sales. †¢ Application: Personal, non-borrowed res ources to be invested in a McDonald's restaurant business. †¢ Business experience in the market where they are seeking a franchise 21 What strategy would you adopt to ensure a great exposure for McDonald’s to a growing trend towards healthier eating? 22 5. Healthier eating at McDonald’s Currently: †¢ †¢ Low fat products in UK outlet Canadian light choices of Menu with a Soya bean McVeggie Burger, salads with a fat free dressing and a granola topped fruit yoghurt On packaging calorie and fat content information for the first time as it tries to counter the obesity lobby †¢ 23 5.Healthier eating at McDonald’s Future perspectives: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Using biologically grown resources Fat reduced meals Healthier ways of processing the food (eg. : don’t fry chips but bake them, less white bread burgers, regular vegetarian dishes,) Healthy, freshly squeezed Mc Shakes etc. Healthier Drinks not only Sodas To ensure high-quality, fresh ingredients, farms are set up in order to supply restaurants 24 Sources: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ www. McDonalds. com www. freeforessays. com/show_essay/55461. html D. Jobber â€Å"Principles and Practice of Marketing† Sources : http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald’s Kotler/Keller Marketing Management 25 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 26

Cottage Cheese Experiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cottage Cheese Experiment - Essay Example In the experiment, plate counts were used instead of direct microscopic counts or turbidity measurements because of the obvious advantages of the first method. Although plate counts can be tedious and time-consuming, this method is â€Å"relatively easy to perform† and it is â€Å"much more sensitive than turbidimetric measurement† (Brodhagen, 2007). This means that with plate counts, a relatively more accurate bacterial count can be obtained compared to obtaining turbidity measurements. The only disadvantages with plate counts, however, include the lengthy incubation period required for the colonies to grow and become visible, and the possibility of crowding of colonies which will most likely require serial dilution (Abedon, 2003). Nevertheless, these disadvantages do not compare to those of direct microscopic counts and turbidity measurements. In direct microscopic counts, the number of living cells cannot be distinguished from the dead cells, which may be included in the count (Brodhagen, 2007). In the same way, turbidity measurements may not fare well in the bacterial count as clumps of cottage cheese may not be distinguishable from the mass of cells that is expected to block of intercept light (Brodhagen, 2007). These two methods – direct microscopic count and turbidity measurement – are actually less time-consuming than plate counts, but the disadvantages simply outweigh this advantage. The goal of the cottage cheese experiment after all is accuracy and not speed. When it comes to the difference between the control cottage cheese and the experiment cottage cheese, the difference cannot be exactly determined due to insufficiency of data. Basically we need more information on the consistency or lumpiness of the cheeses, their gross appearance after the experiment and perhaps differences in texture, temperature and other aspects. The most obvious difference is that control cheese has no preservative added but experimental cheese has. It then follows that if this is the only difference between the two, then this is a fair test.   Besides, both cheeses have been subjected to the same variables – the same temperature and incubation period lengths, and assuming the same mode of preparation.

MArketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

MArketing - Essay Example However, it has been recommended to focus on the development of broader range of healthy and organic products due to the shift of the consumers’ preferences towards healthier eating habits is a great niche for the company. Starbucks might broaden its existing range of food items by offering innovative and tasty but healthy food items. Also, Starbucks could strengthen significantly its market position by selecting a good â€Å"victim† for M&A. In case of successful acquisition, Starbucks could develop and launch relevant campaign devoted to its healthy product line. Also, as the company is operating through franchising system in the UK’s market it might be helpful to promote its franchising opportunities through launching a broad marketing campaign and participation in various franchising events and exhibitions. By developing its network through franchising, Starbucks will be able to capture a larger market share within a short period of time and thus will be more competitive on the market. Starbucks Corporation is the US-based premier roaster, marketer and retailer of specialty coffee, operating globally (MarketLine Advantage 2014). The company began its story in 1971 in Seattle (Starbucks.com, 2014). Nowadays, its presence is covered by the 19, 767 retail stores operating in 62 countries all over the world (MarketLine Advantage 2014). In addition to purchasing, roasting and selling whole bean coffees, handcrafted coffee, tea and other variety of beverages, the company offers different fresh food items in its stores (MarketLine Advantage 2014). Starbucks also sells its products and licenses trademarks through grocery and national foodservice accounts and licensed stores (MarketLine Advantage 2014). The Food and Beverage sector in the UK’s economy has a broad definition as it is comprised of different sub-sectors (Thornton 2010). The major sub-sectors include: dairy products, soft beverages, frozen and chilled foods,

Royal Chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Royal Chocolate - Essay Example The inventory management system is required to be automated to make it more efficient and effective, so that reordering can be done at lower levels, thus saving cost of ordering and the inventory carrying costs. To satisfy the requirements of quick and fast communication, the company needs to upgrade its obsolete machines. As the company has purchased 10 new desktops, 5 of these should be provided to the 5 people working in the office. These people do not require notebooks since they do not move along often. The remaining 5 desktops should be installed at the plant site, so that plant management and employees can have access to the company's network. In order to produce reliable and accurate office documents quickly and efficiently, and to extract the full potential of office automation software, the company should purchase enterprise wide licenses of the latest Microsoft Office 2007 suite; which contains MS Word for documents generation and reporting, MS Excel for financial spreadsheets and numerical analysis, MS Power Point for presentation development, and MS Outlook to support emails. Royal Chocolates has a high volume of inter-office correspondence (assumption). An intranet email facility can eliminate most paper based communication. The system will provide instantaneous delivery, significantly reducing the time and manual record keeping overhead costs. The company is recommended to implement Exchange Server 2003 for better management of email system. One of the newly acquired servers should be used as email server. Appropriate software should be installed that include not only the exchange server software, but also email clients like MS Outlook, antivirus software and others. Intranet and Extranet To provide the necessary infrastructure for internal office correspondence, and email facility, the company should implement an intranet for communication between people in the office, and between office and plant. In addition, extranet needs to be developed to communicate with vendors and suppliers. The development of intranets and extranets is a part of e-business which can be said to include e-service, the provision of services and tasks online (Nelson, 2001). The extranet will allow the company to establish a VPN (Virtual Private Network) with the vendors, who