Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey Essay - 1334 Words

Throughout the development of humanity, the random group of societies have been historically all-equipped to deal with challenges the state of disorganization is not conducive to advancement of society due to the chaotic nature of existence on planet earth. Humans have to impose will on a chaotic world. One way they can do this is through culturally perceived definitions of hospitality.In the epic, Odysseus explores many different forms of hospitality. Odysseus’s journey is so long is that he is forced to the obligation of accepting the welcoming hospitality of people he meets along his path. This helps Odysseus and Telemachus learn about being away from home by some places being welcoming, and some places being not welcome. Hospitality is a way of life in a wide variety of cultures. The ways people in certain cultures act towards their guest may differ. Great hospitality has been apart of Greek culture for a good amount of time now, as it is seen many times in the epic. Chara cters open up their living area numerous times in the Odyssey. And you, Eumaeus, the swineherd, then replied. These were your words: It’s wrong, my friend, to send any stranger packing — even one who arrives more wretched than you. For it is Zeus who sends to us all beggars And strangers; And a gift, however small, Means much when given by a man like me. (274-275) This shows that even the poor can be hospitable, if respected. A swineherd obviously is not an upper class living kind ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suitor’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his father. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usual ly helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship between Odysseus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by his bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is po rtrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leader blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of hubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. Colley (2000) writes that the word mentor originated in Homer’s poem ‘Odyssey’ in which the character oversees the development of Telemachus. Usually mentoring describes the process of an experienced team member using their skills and knowledge to educate and develop a junior or less skilled co-worker (Chartered Institute ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1483 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in The Odyssey Violence in Literature can take any form, whether it be natural disaster like and earthquake or a human based disaster like war (Campbell). In Homer’s The Odyssey both types are found†¦ whether it’s Odysseus’s hardships like making it home or dealing with the wrath of the god Poseidon. Every violent scene has its own reasons, some are more reasonable than others. For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires

The And Implementation Of Rapid Response Teams - 1470 Words

Much like the human body, healthcare is a complex system that must be assessed and reviewed routinely to identify the dysfunctions or parts that are in need of intervention. It is the job of nurses, doctors and other healthcare professionals to recognize and communicate when there is a need for change or improvement in order for patients to receive the highest standard of care and optimal health outcomes. The creation and implementation of Rapid Response Teams were one of the many strategies initiated in the 100,000 Lives Campaign (2004) instituted by the Institute of Healthcare Improvement (IHI) in effort to reduce morbidity and mortality in the United States health care system. Rapid Response Teams (RRT) are groups of specialized,†¦show more content†¦According to Carlo Parker, the literature suggests that RRT’s are underutilized either by delayed activation or failure to activate entirely. This underutilization is shown to lead to failure to rescue. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nurses’ decision-making model during RRT activation and the frequency of the RRT activation (Parker, 2014). Lauri and Salantera (2002) have identified three decision-making models that are utilized by nurses to make clinical judgments based off of information processing and intuitive-humanistic theories (Parker, 2014). The first model is the ana lytical decision making, which involves the collection of data, forming a hypothesis and continuing to collect data until a decision has been reached (Parker, 2014). Secondly, the intuitive decision-making is â€Å"understanding without rationale† (Parker, 2014). The third model is a combination of the analytical and intuitive decision-making. The registered nurses (RN) who participated in this study were from an acute care unit who had activated the RRT at least once in the past 12 months. The RN’s were between the ages of 24-57, 91% were female, 63% of them held a baccalaureate or master’s degree in nursing and the average time working as an RN was 10 years (Parker, 2014). The results of the studyShow MoreRelatedCode 1001410 Words   |  6 Pagesexcellence, capstone quality award, just to name a few (St Elizabeth Hospital,2010). For the purpose of this paper I will discuss the project I worked on with my mentor because it is a portion of a larger project that will include implementing a Rapid Response Team and Mock Codes to increase the quality of care, decrease the incidents of Code Blue outside of ICU and patient morality at the facility. Project Description Patient safety and quality care are vital components in healthcare and with the advancementRead MoreTeam Based Approach And Human Resource Development Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesTeam Based Approach and Human Resource Development â€Å"Unity is strength†¦when there is teamwork and collaboration, wonderful things can be achieved† – Mattie Stepanek. Over the last two centuries the framework of industry and the business world has undergone several major transformations. The first shift occurred during the Industrial Revolution. In response to the rapid technological and social changes of this period, most organizations adopted a hierarchical organizational structure. This organizationalRead MoreA Study of Ciscos ERP System835 Words   |  3 Pagescircumstances then they are beset by risk intrinsically (Benta).The internal IT experience that Cisco had in network systems became an extraordinary asset when Cisco began to choose internal leaders within company for the ERP implementation project. Legacy IT system Prior to the implementation of the new ERP system, Cisco utilized a UNIX-based software package to manage all of the various business functions within the organization. The business processes supported by the existing software package was limitedRead MoreThe Smart Life Real Estate Agency Emergency Operations Plan865 Words   |  4 Pagesrespond to and recover from emergency or disaster incidents. This Basic Plan, along with its Annexes, are components of the Emergency Operations Plan that was developed to provide the general and conceptual framework for coordinated, multi-agency response and efficient use of resources during a major emergency or disaster. 1.2 Situation Overview Characteristics Smart Life Real Estate Agency is a Las Vegas company that focuses on the provision ofRead MoreSoftware Development Methodology Best Practices1495 Words   |  6 PagesAgile software development is a collection of software development methods where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration among self-organizing and cross-functional teams. It promotes flexible planning, progressive development, premature delivery, constant amelioration, rapid benefits and robust response to change. It is a theoretical framework which emphasizes more on habitually delivering compact increments of functioning software. Agile development is reinforced by a collectionRead MoreThe Information Management System Request For Proposal ( Rfp ) Team, An Ad Hoc Group Of Cardno Information895 Words   |  4 PagesOn behalf of Cardno’s Client Software Solutions (CSS) team , an ad hoc group of Cardno information management professionals and application developers inside Cardno’s Oil and Gas Division, Natural Resources and Health Sciences (NRHS) Division, and XP Solutions, I am very pleased to submit our response to the HSSEQ Information Management System Request for Proposal (RFP), June 22, 2015. As you are aware, Cardno has been developing software applications for major clients to manage their environmentalRead MoreThe Field Of Nursing : An Esteemed Profession That Has Grown And Evolved Over The Past Centuries1967 Words   |  8 PagesBotsford Hospital as a coordinator of the Intensive Care Unit, and is also a nurse on the rapid response team. She has worked at Botsford for thirty-four years, five of those years she served on the rapid response team with three years as a clinical coordinator. As a clinical coordinator, she is responsible for staffing, problem solving, delegation of beds, and serves as a reference for employees. As a rapid response nurse she responds to any calls throughout the hospital where a patient needs additionalRead MoreThe Crisis Management Lesson From Toyota And Gm1097 Words   |  5 PagesToyota and GM: â€Å"It’s Our Problem the Moment We Hear About It† †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Delay in confronting crises is deadly. Corporate leaders must have processes for learning of important safety issues. Then they must seize control immediately and lead a systematic response. Crisis management is the ultimate stress test for the CEO and other top leaders of companies. The mantra for all leaders in crisis management must be: â€Å"It is our problem the moment we hear about it. We will be judged from that instant forward forRead MoreRaising Public Awareness Of The Rapid Response Team2744 Words   |  11 PagesRaising Public Awareness of the Rapid Response Team â€Å"Failure to rescue† is becoming increasingly important in the hospital. Rapid response/STAT teams are being put into place to intervene where there is evidence of â€Å"failure to rescue† leading to serious adverse events. There are clinical trials showing that patients display a need for a rapid response team sometimes up to four to six hours before an unexpected clinical deterioration requires a traditional code team. Reading many news articles aboutRead MoreNursing Issues Within The Paediatric Environment Within Nsw1248 Words   |  5 Pages(O’Leary, Nash Lewis, 2015). Adverse events as the result of undetected and ineffective management of patient deteriorations, such as the death of Sydney teenager Vanessa Anderson in 2005, initiated the inquiry into the issue and subsequent implementation of the ‘Between the flags program’ across NSW to prevent further unnecessary harm from occurring to other hospital patients (Hughes, Pain, Braithwa ite Hillman, 2014). The literature surrounding this issue in the Australian context is still

Accounting Theory and Current Feeds Issues

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory and Current Feeds Issues. Answer: Introduction: The case is pertaining to a bio research firm of Australian named Bio-Sustainable feeds (BSF Ltd). The firm is listed on the Australian stock exchange (ASX). For last two decades, the firm has been engaged on the research concerned with sustainable aqua-culture feeds. With an average rate of around 8 to 10 percent, rapid expansion in the aquaculture has been noticed. During the year 1980 to 2010, there had been increase in the contribution of the aquaculture in arena of global fishery output. In addition to that increase in the artificial feed was also evidenced. As per the view of analysts, aquaculture has potential to offer around 23 million tons of aquatic food (Sarker, Kapuscinski, Lanois, Livesey, Bernhard, Coley, 2016). Sustainable aqua cultural feed Aqua culture is farming of aquatic plants, and aquatic animals. The term sustainable aqua culture can be construed as the cultivation of aquatic organism. Sustainability word is used often in the context of aquaculture. The main aim of the same is to do away with the negative environmental impact on the society. The practice is adopted for the commercial purpose by the companies for generating higher economic profits. Feed are either in form of pellets or granules offering nutrition in concentrated and stable form. It allows the fishes to grow to its full potential and to feed them in an efficient manner (CBC news, 2016). The company has undertaken research on the plant based soybean, sunflower, Canola, Corn like plant based feeds for whopping $ 360 million AUD. It failed creating huge losses for the company. There were so many problems faced by the company in fish based feed. Conversion rate, growing time, and maturity were some of the issues related to the case. The underlying project will be throwing light on some of the above mentioned issues along with commenting on the decisions made by the firm. Nature and value of Research Conducted by BSF Ltd. to Society The research conducted by the BSF Ltd is pertaining to the aquaculture and holds enormous importance. Fish feed research is of utmost importance to the entire world as it can contribute in reducing the hunger of people of world. It is an effort of the BSF Ltd. to make fish farming more sustainable. The research of the BSF Ltd. was revolving around the sustainable feeds wherein the aim of the company was to not cause harm to the society. The BSF Ltd Company was in favor of resorting to the bacteria for the purpose of fish feeds production. Residues of sugar cane, wood chips, and methane gas emanating from plants of food processing, dumps, sewages, were some of the options available on which the company was pondering over. From the point of view of the society, the research is supposed to have huge importance as the research will be expediting in solving the food problems prevalent in the world and on the issue of sustainability simultaneously. Producing fish feeds from the biogas, methane of natural gas is helpful in transforming it into protein of high quality. The bacterium is having protein content which is very much similar to the fishmeal. It contains high value protein and fat as well working as the best alternative of fish (NMBU, 2013). The research of the company was based on the plant based feeds including canola, corn, soybean and sunflower. These sources of protein are available easily. Plant based feed can solve the problem and consequently the problem of hunger can be coped up to some extent (NMBU, 2013). However, plant feed is causing harm to the fish being a anti nutrient. Digestive system, health and growth of the fish are affected. These substances can make structure and skeleton of the fishes so soft which is not desired. It can be unpalatable for the fish owing to bitter taste. Problems of Research Done by the BSF Ltd The BSF Ltd. had been facing many issues in the aqua cultural feed based project. All the issues were compounded by the environmentalist too for causing harm to the poor and widening the gap between rich and poor. Some of the problems or issues are mentioned as follows: The major problem was related to the conversion rate of the fishes. The fish based feed were converted in high value fish from the lower value. The rate of conversion was 10.0 kg to 1.0 kg. The actual conversion rate for plant based wet feed was 30.0 kg to 1.0 kg. It was before oven drying and was also causing loss of fish. The growing time was double of what was earlier The fish which were mature were smaller having 60 percent of the weight in comparison to those of fish based feeds. Apart from that huge costs and accusations from the environmentalists were also adding up to the issues being faced by the BSF ltd. Co. Company received grant from CSIRO of whopping $ 500 million which was not sufficient and was spent before the research was completed. Research and Development Research and development is related to finding out the solution of the problems and inventing new products or processes. It gives the right to the researcher to get patent over the process or the products. Nature Of and Differences between Research and Development Research and development can be termed as the two faces of a coin which are inseparable. Research and development are to be taken into consideration with the intent of making country developed and successful. In many of the countries, the formulation and implementation of policies is not up to date due to the inadequate facilities (Namanji Ssekyewa, 2012). Figure 1: Difference between research and development (Rdmag, 2015) It is not easy to differentiate between the research and development owing to inseparable aspect of two. It can be understood as the basic research, and applied research, advanced development and product development. These four can be called as the segments of research and development. Basic research identifies the inventions that can work, while applied research is helping in narrowing down the possible solutions. Advanced development is advanced research reducing the risk of the projects. Product development is producing entirely new product in market. Nevertheless, all the categories overlap each other (Rdmag, 2015). How research and development are accounted along with differences The costs pertaining to the research and development activities are not shown in the intangible assets under the balance sheet head. The costs associated with the research and development activities are termed as an expense incurred for developing a patent. Thus it is deemed as the internal cost of developing (Boundless, 2016). Justifications for accounting treatment The amount of research and development cannot be measured exactly as it is to be incurred in future. There is no clarity regarding the costs associated as happened in the case of BSF ltd. The company was granted $500 million from CSIRO which was spent initially. Why firms engage in the research and development? Firms get engaged in the activities of research and development. Many a times research and development activities are driven by the market forces. Private firms are having incentives for conducting the activities of research and development. It is not necessary that all the firms engaged in the practice of research and development will get success. Research and development spillovers are also prevalent in market whereby one firm does the research and other firm can use its research (katz, 1986). The research and development on the large scale contribute towards the economic growth and development of the country (Griliches, 1979). Fair Market Value Patent Technology innovations are very important for an organization to survive profitably in this dynamic and competitive market scenario. This is the reason companies have to conduct intense RD activities to find technological advancements. For this, a large amount of money is spent. If they find some new way of value addition to customers, they would like to use that method exclusively in their premises. For this, companies own intellectual property assets like patents, copyrights, etc. (Cornish, Llewelyn, Aplin, 2013). These are recorded on non- current assets side of the statement of financial position of the companies. Being an asset of the company, they need to be valued periodically and their fair market value should be recorded in books of accounts to avoid any window dressing in financial statements. They are also sometimes mortgaged for acquiring loans. This is also one of the prominent reasons for which fair market valuation of patents is required on the part of accounts divisi on of companies. It is very crucial for companies to ascertain fair economic value of intellectual property rights so that their trading norms can be defined. Fair market value of a patent refers to the valuation of intellectual property as per the rate at which it can be sold in the market (Kossovsky, 2002). There are some assumptions which should be considered thoroughly while calculating such values. They are discussed below in detail (Jaffe Trajtenberg, 2002). First of all, it is important to know the situations where it is mandatory to calculate fair market value of patents. Situations like mergers/ acquisitions; board requirements to know patent valuation; a lawsuit where a firms patent is being violated by a competitor, etc. call the need for patent valuation. It is mandatory for companies to disclose all the patents and their fair market value in the event of acquisition/ takeover. The reason is that valuation of intangibles along with tangibles is assumed to give accurate worth of the company. In situations of infringement of patents rights, it is necessary for the company to calculate fair market valuation of those patents so that the competitor who has cheated can be claimed in a lawsuit for the loss of income. It is assumed that the company has incurred loss due to the violation of patenting rights. The calculations for the fair market value are based on the concept of time value of money. It is demonstrated below in context of BSF Ltd. who has patented their technology of bacteria- based feeds for using it exclusively in their premises. After all, they have incurred $700 million on research and development for the purpose. It will not be in the best interest of the company that this technology will be used by others who have not spent anything on RD. The companys patents are expected to have a net market value of $700 million, if they are sold after two years. This is the future value of patents. The discount rate to be used in this type of project is given as 8.0% per annum. So, the present value of this patent, i.e. todays fair market value of patent will be calculated as follows. NPV = FV * (1/ 1+ i) ^ n. Here, NPV represents net present value of patents; FV stands for future value of patents; i stand for interest rate and n denotes number of years for which the value is discounted. Therefore, NPV= $700 million * (1/ 1.08) ^ 2 = $600.14 million. It is also given that if the patents are not sold after two years; and they are produced held by the company to be sold after 10 years, then their fair market value after 10 years will be different. It is expected to give a valuation of $200 million every year. So, these will be calculated using a series of amounts or annuities. FV= equal amount of every year * [{(1+ i) ^ n}-1]/ i. FV= $200 million * {(1.0810- 1)/ 0.08} = $2,897 million. (Oehmke, 2000) Journal Entries for the Research and Development Transactions Date Particulars AUD $ AUD $ 2012-13 Grant from Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) A/c To Bio Sustainable Feeds (BSF) LTD. Dr. 500 million 500 million 2012-13 Expenses on Alternative Aquaculture Feeds A/c To Cash A/c Dr. 100 million 100 million 2013-14 Research A/c To Cash A/c Dr. 500 million 500 million 2014-15 Development A/c To Cash A/c Dr. 200 million 200 million 2015-16 Development A/c To Cash A/c Dr. 200 million 200 million Reasonability of BSF Ltd.s Assertion An affirmation has come from the desk of management team of BSF Ltd. regarding their decision to get the technology patented which is innovated by their research team to be used exclusively for their company. In the companys prospectus, it has been mentioned that they have an exclusive control over the technology by way of patents. Now this is to be ascertained that to what extent, the assertion given by the company is reasonable as per its present and future requirements. Research says that having intellectual property rights is always a good option to gain a competitive edge over other market players of the company. Promising inventions and innovations must be patented or taken a copyright of (Blind, Edler, Frietsch, Schmoch, 2006). It is reasonable and quite crucial for BSF Ltd. because if they had not taken the intellectual property right over the technology they have invented, it will be copied easily by competitors. This will give no advantage to the company for spending millions on research and development. Actually it is vicious cycle which will hamper the innovation of entire industry. Had there not been grounds for patents or copyrights, everyone would like to wait for the other to invest in RD and get it copied for their own use. With this thought- process, there will be no innovation and RD prospects in the country (Encaoua, Guellec, Martinez, 2006). Secondly, if intellectual property rights are not there, then no one will invest their mo ney in the company who still wants to carry research and development. Seeing all these facets, it is clear that the companys decision to get its technology patented was reasonable. However, they have to incur costs to produce that patent in the form of fees given but it will give them a competitive edge in the market. This is what we call as the first mover advantage (Agarwal Gort, 2001). So, at the end of the day, whether the company has invested $700 million in research and development and few more in obtaining intellectual property rights, it will receive sweet fruits out of this. Conclusively, it can be said that patenting is a long, uncertain and expensive procedure but it will help in adding value to companys prospects in long- term (Blind, Cremers, Mueller, The influence of strategic patenting on companies patent portfolios, 2009). References Agarwal, R., Gort, M. (2001). Firstà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mover Advantage and the Speed of Competitive Entry, 18871986. Journal of Law and Economics, 44(1), 161-177. Blind, K., Cremers, K., Mueller, E. (2009). The influence of strategic patenting on companies patent portfolios. Research Policy, 38(2), 428-436. Blind, K., Edler, J., Frietsch, R., Schmoch, U. (2006). Motives to patent: Empirical evidence from Germany. . Research Policy, 35(5), 655-672. Boundless. (2016). Accounting for RD Activity. Retrieved 2016, from www.boundless.com: https://www.boundless.com/accounting/textbooks/boundless-accounting-textbook/controlling-and-reporting-of-intangible-assets-7/research-development-cost-53/accounting-for-r-d-activity-269-3723/ CBC news. (2016). Shift to plant-based fish feed could hurt health, environment. CBC news. Cornish, W., Llewelyn, G. I., Aplin, T. (2013). Intellectual property: patents, copyright, trade marks allied rights. Encaoua, D., Guellec, D., Martinez, C. (2006). Patent systems for encouraging innovation: Lessons from economic analysis. Research policy, 35(9), 1423-1440. Griliches, Z. (1979). Issues in Assessing the Contribution of Research and Development to Productivity Growth. The Bell Journal of Economics, 10(1), 92-116. Jaffe, A. B., Trajtenberg, M. (2002). Patents, citations, and innovations: A window on the knowledge economy. MIT press. katz, M. K. (1986). An Anaysis of cooperative research and development. Rand Journal of Economics, 17(4), 527-543. Kossovsky, N. (2002). Fair value of intellectual property: An options-based valuation of nearly 8,000 intellectual property assets. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 3(1), 62-70. Namanji, S., Ssekyewa, C. (2012). Role and Nature of Research in Development. Makerere Journal of Higher Education, 4(1). NMBU. (2013). Fish feed-research may help reduce world hunger. Norwegian University of Life Sciences. Oehmke, J. F. (2000). Anomalies in net present value calculations. Economics Letters, 67(3), 349-351. Rdmag. (2015). The Difference Between Research and Development. Rdmag. Sarker, P. K., Kapuscinski, A. R., Lanois, A. J., Livesey, E. D., Bernhard, K. P., Coley, M. L. (2016). Towards Sustainable Aquafeeds: Complete Substitution of Fish Oil with Marine Microalga Schizochytrium sp. Improves Growth and Fatty Acid Deposition in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLOS, 11(6).

Open Boat free essay sample

His professional career as a reporter how that he can is a thinker while stranded on the boat he begins to wonder why he is here and what brought him to this situation. With that question in mind he begins to come up with perceptions of life and what he and his crew are going through. During these precautions he begins to misinterpret nature with fate and he tries to make sense and with this he begins to lose hope of surviving. The Captain represents the leader in the group thats lost a sea after the crash. He takes it hard emotionally after the crash it makes him a Rosen man who lost everything. Still after that he still winds up taking leadership and tries to get the survivors back to safety. After everything that he goes through the Captain wind up finding safety towards the end of the story after losing Billie. We will write a custom essay sample on Open Boat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Oilier also known as Billie was one of the four characters and he represent the normal every day person he was the person who helped the men of the boat together.Billie was the most physicality fit one out of the whole crew and never gave up when everything was looking own. The ironic thing is that Billie dies. The reason this is ironic is Billie dies right at the shore although he is the strongest off all the survivors. All the men make the mistake of celebrating their rescue too soon instead of concentrating on surviving this was Bilges down fall. The Open Boat has a few symbols in the story that are significant. First is the boat, the reason the boat is a symbol is because it shows that people that dont know each other can get along.Also when put in a situation people can work together through lifes uncertainties. Next is the Ailerons death. This represents the old saying dont count your chickens until they hatch. The Oilier thought he was going to make it to land and the ironic thing was he the strongest and most fit but was the only one to die and he died right at land. Finally the cigars left in the correspondents pocket is a symbol because it mean that there is something the sea has not taken from them and that is their hope. Open Boat free essay sample What can Man do when faced with a Universe that has no concern for him? Begin to contemplate the belief that man has a role in the universe, that existence should mean something. A feeling of loneliness is conveyed from the understanding that man is alone in the universe and insignificant to the workings of the universe. In â€Å"The Open Boat† by Stephen Crane, Crane exemplifies mans insignificance to the universe and nature because ultimately fate decides and fate is an indifferent, uncontrollable, and inevitable force that possesses no consciousness that people can understand. â€Å"The Open Boat† reflects Naturalistic ideas, the era in the late nineteenth century when American was growing rapidly and the individual felt unique and important (â€Å"Regionalism† 640). With technological breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution, such as the first transcontinental railroad, new settlers arrived with a new vision of hope (â€Å"Regionalism† 643). Along with this new hope humankind began to believe they could both understand and dominate the forces of nature, â€Å"although, at the same time people continued to struggle despite their efforts; they could not escape fate†(â€Å"Regionalism† 640). We will write a custom essay sample on Open Boat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Crane questions man’s self-confidence and underlines the concept that fate cannot be avoided. The idea of â€Å"survival of the fittest† arose during this era; the idea that the people at the top of society will prevail, a concept Crane directly opposes in â€Å"The Open Boat† (â€Å"Regionalism† 646). Scaggs 2Stephen Crane was a literary master who completed twelve volumes in only seven years. Crane could least be described as typical, he was a varied man who wrote in forms of realism, impressionism, and naturalism. â€Å"The Open Boat† was based off Crane’s own experiences of being shipwrecked off the coast of Florida (Crane: Study Guide). Due to this relevance, Crane uses third person omniscient point of view to depict the realistic, life-threatening ordeal that captures the sensations and emotions of struggling to survive against the forces of nature. â€Å"The story serves as a description of actual events as well as a commentary on nature’s indifference to humanity’s fate† (Crane: Study Guide). Four men-the captain, the cook, the oiler, and the correspondent are shipwrecked after the steamer the Commodore sank. The introduction of â€Å"The Open Boat† first describes the four men and their efforts to make it to salvation by rowing in a ten-foot dingy. The rising action is reveled through uses of descriptive imagery of the sea. The brutal forces of the sea and the near realization of death creates the conflict the men are faced with. The climax begins as the men reach sight of land but are unfortunately mistaken for fishermen, beginning a long night in search for salvation (Crane 225-27). Symbolism is spread across the story to lead insight of the men’s feelings as well as insight to their surroundings. After the dreaded long night of rowing the men spot land and make plans to swim ahead creating the falling action of the story (Crane 238). The sea is primarily identified as an indifferent force during the swim toward land by choosing to save the correspondent but killing the oiler, resolving and ending the story (Crane 240). The conflicts of â€Å"The Open Boat† are both internal and external in order to explain the man vs. nature concept. Directly at the beginning the external conflict is reveled as Scaggs 3being the sea and nature itself. â€Å"After successfully surmounting one wave you discover that there is another behind it just as important and just as nervously anxious to do something effective in the way of swamping boats† (Crane 216). Crane strengthens the idea that nature is indifferent to man by showing that is it randomly helpful and hurtful. James B. Colvert, a chief critic, agrees that the sea is described as hostile and indifferent force (â€Å"Stephen† 112). At the end of the story the correspondent it taken away by the swift current but whirled back toward the land, the very thing that has put him in harm’s way has saved him (Crane 239). Along with the death of the oiler, Crane shows that nature does not act out of motivation and fate is inevitable. The internal conflict resides in the men’s realization that their survival is uncontrollable; it is up to fate. In â€Å"The Open Boat† by Stephen Crane it states, â€Å"If I am going to be drowned- if I am going to be drowned- if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees? † (Crane 232). This statement refers to the god’s who are traditionally in men’s lives as being absent toward the abandoned men. This statement alludes to Peter denying Jesus; man denying God, but Crane inverts this scene to God denying man. â€Å"Irony is Crane’s chief technical instrument,† explains critic Robert Wooster Stallman (â€Å"Stephen† 108). In the statement â€Å"When it occurs to man that nature does not regard him as important†¦ he at first wishes to throw bricks at the temple, and he hates deeply the fact that there are no bricks and no temples†¦ Thereafter he knows the pathos of his situation,† it further describes the internal conflict of the realization of natures indifference (Crane 232). Until this point nature and the sea was perceived as part of a higher power that governs fate, but the realization that Scaggs 4man means nothing to the universe or God causes the correspondent to lose his identity. Numerous passages reveal Crane’s great sense of imagery. Being on the boat is described as being on a bucking bronco and â€Å"seemed like a horse making at a fence outrageously high† (Crane 216). The men seem to recognize that they are helpless in the face of nature by describing nature as being vicious. Further on in the story the men seem to get assistance from nature destroying the belief that nature is an entirely hostile force; proving nature is unbiased. James B. Colvert states Crane puts language into poetic uses such as the description shown when the correspondent is swept away by the water toward his doom (â€Å"Stephen† 112). The imagery described puts the scene into a picturesque view, â€Å"white slope of sand†, â€Å"green bluff†, and â€Å"silent cottages† are presented when the correspondent feels he is going to die (Crane 239). â€Å"But later a wave perhaps whirled him out of this small deadly current†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this statement further explains the men are at the mercy of mere chance (Crane 239). â€Å"Crane transcribed it all from his experience, but he converted every detail into symbol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  explains critic Robert Wooster Stallman (â€Å"Stephen† 109). The symbols used serve as a deep understanding of the men’s emotions and the irony Crane creates. One of the more obvious, concrete symbols is the seaweed traveling along the side of the men. The seaweed is described as â€Å"bits of earth† that symbolizes land is near and the men are slowly progressing (Crane 219). In a sense this sight instills a slight sense of hope and meaning for the men. The gulls that arise in the story stare at them with their black bead like eyes which brings discomfort to the sailors. Usually the gulls would represent a welcome sight; a sign that they are near land but ironically in this case they are near land Scaggs 5but have no way of making it safely (Crane 218). Every aspect of nature affects the men’s attitude and perception of their fate. The poem recited by the correspondent of the solider in Legion serves as one of the best abstract symbol for man’s unimportance to the universe. The poem is about a solider who pitifully lies dying in a foreign land the correspondent relates this to his own plight. First hearing it as a child the poem was insignificant but as a grown man now he can better interpret the underlying meaning that nature now regards his death as trivial (Crane 233). He fears he will perish without any sense of his life giving meaning. Being at the mercy of fate proved how wrong the previous beliefs of the men had been about their own importance. Stephen Crane was a sophisticated writer who used irony, symbolism, imagery, and many more elements to get a specific understanding across. By using irony he specifically opposed the beliefs of the era that only the strongest will survive, through the death of the oiler, the strongest, most diligent character in the story. His symbolism gets to the reader on a personal level of understanding furthering their engrossment. Of the naturalistic era Stephen Cranes The Open Boat gave a dose of reality that at first seemed bitter, but gradually at the end stood as a testament to the human spirit. â€Å"The Open Boat† and other American Literature alike most effectively describes the influence of society and surroundings on the development of the individual.